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Originally these graves had been dug into the rocks of the western mountains 最初，这些坟墓是建在西部山脉的岩石里面， but as the Egyptians moved northward they were obliged to build their cemeteries in the desert. 随着埃及人向
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He began his campaign for world-domination with the murder of all Roman citizens who happened to be in Asia Minor, men, women and children. Such an act, of course, meant war. The Senate equipped an army to march against the King of Pontus and punish
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That is all very well, you will say, and no doubt it is a great virtue to care so much for moderation and perfection, but why should the Greeks have been the only people to develop this quality in olden times? For an answer I shall point to the way i
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Chapter 14 第十四章 The Greek cities 古希腊城邦 The Greek cities that were really states. 古希腊的城市其实是独立的国家 We modern people love the sound of the word big. We pride ourselves upon the fact that we belong to the bigg
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It was the small house within the high city-walls where his wife and children lived in safety. It was a complete world which covered no more than four or five acres of rocky land. Don't you see how these surroundings must have influenced a man in eve
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This new form of dramatic entertainment demanded a proper setting, and soon every Greek city owned a theatre, cut out of the rock of a nearby hill. The spectators sat upon wooden benches and faced a wide circle (our present orchestra where you pay th
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To protect the poorer classes against abuse on the part of the judges (who were always elected from the class of the nobles because they received no salary) Solon made a provision whereby a citizen with a grievance had the right to state his case bef
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Chapter 18 第十八章 The Persian Wars 抗击波斯人侵的战争 How the Greeks defended Europe Against Asiatic invasion and drove the Persians back across the Aegean Sea 希腊人成功抵御了亚洲对欧洲的入侵，将波斯人赶回了爱琴
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Of course, the Greeks enjoyed a certain degree of safety because their country lay hidden beyond the deep waters of the Aegean. But here their old enemies, the Phoenicians, stepped forward with offers of help and advice to the Persians. If the Persia
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Eight years they waited and during this time the Greeks were not idle. They knew that a final attack was to be expected but they did not agree upon the best way to avert the danger. Some people wanted to increase the army. Others said that a strong f
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