时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英语口译


英语课

   学会用英文解释英文 培养英语好习惯


  很多人不敢讲英文的原因是因为觉得自己单词量不够大,于是跑回家狂背单词,背到几千个后,发现自己的口语仍然没有多少进步,于是觉得可能是单词量还不够大,于是又继续向一万单词挺进。这其实是个恶性循环,要知道如果在单词量小的时候都没有能力灵活应用,没有勇气开口讲话,当单词量多起来的时候,我们还会花更多的时间去挑选单词,字斟句酌,反而影响了口语输出的快捷程度,于是在很大程度上,这样的结果会给我们自己一个负面的暗示—我们的口语不够好。仔细想想,还是蛮简单的道理,如果好的口语在初级阶段的评判标准就是快捷流利的说出,那么单词量相对小的人肯定占优势,如同要去见一个很重要的人,衣柜里有十件衣服的人自然会比衣柜里有百件衣服的人更快地跳出衣服来,同样的情况放进口语和词汇的关系,结果亦然。
  今天要给大家讲解的一个习惯是用英文解释英文,这个方法在字典里面经常看到,也是演讲,辩论,陈述以及论文必须要学会的方法,雅思托福以及很多比赛口试的时候也会专项考察一个人解释周围事物的能力。小的时候老师只告诉我们要读英英字典,却很少告诉我们为什么要这么做,直到自己这么做后,才发现原来即使每个单词都不一样,难度也有区分,但是解释这些单词的单词却显得很简单,而且有很大部分的词汇是高频出现的。也就是说,单词量不够大的同学,也可以具备解释万事万物的能力。
  比如一个词叫做deliberation,如果当时想不起来这个词,可以用careful consideration来解释,如果还是想不到,可以用a second thought来解释,如果实在不行,还可以用think twice来描述,而这些词汇的积累,都来自于对deliberation和consideration的字典解释。这样,就算我们在表达“谨慎思考”的时候,忘记了deliberation,我们也可以用以上的任何一种方式来解释。
  解释英文的方法有很多,单纯从语言上的套路讲,解释名词的时候往往先定性,常用的模板句型是 it is something/someone/some moment/some place然后后面跟出描述特征功能的定语从句。比如洗衣店—laundry可以描述成it is some place where clothes are washed and ironed. 比如描述lunatic,可以说it is someone who is regarded as a wildly foolish person. 遇到动词,一般的套路是用短语来解释这个词语,比如propose可以解释为Put forward,prohibit也可以解释为forbid A from B, 遇到形容词的解释方法一般是用较为简单的同义词,或者一些描述性的短语或者句子,比如lucrative可以解释为promising或者something or someone with bright future. 副词是可以转化为形容词的方式再解释出来的。介词就更不用说了。
  但是,不知道大家有没有觉得,这样的循规蹈矩反而让我们感受不到语言的自然和地道?所以以上的套路只适用于应急的情况,真正最接近老外思维方式的解释方法可以通过以下几个渠道获得。
  【Google】
  一般情况下,我们只要打开GOOGLE,把想解释的英文单词输入进去,前面加上define就可以了,比如要解释catastrophe,可以直接输入define catastrophe,就可以看到很多解释,然后选择一个自己喜欢的就可以了。
  【Riddle】
  最经典的描述事物的方法,莫过于谜语,国外的谜语其实也富有很多智慧,只不过在猜完谜语后,倒过来思考,就达到了用一句话解释答案的目的,口语和思维都是可以锻炼的。比如:what goes up and down but does not move? 答案a staircase. 可以加工成为A staircase is something that goes up and down but does not move. 当然这个不一定是最完整的解释,但是加上环境和条件,就会变得更加narrowed-down。类似的例子还有What's the difference between a jeweler and a jailer?答案A jeweler sells watches and a jailer watches cells. 经过整合以后可以变成A jeweler is someone who sells watches while a jailer is someone who watches cells. 类似的例子还有what is the difference between recession and depression?答案Recession is a time when your neighbors lose their jobs while depression is a time when you lose even yours.
  【Devil's Dictionary】
  魔鬼词典不能解释所有的词,但是却从另外一种角度折射出思想的奇异魅力,比如what is marriage—the ultimate reason for divorce。What is egotist—a person with a low taste, more interested in himself than in anyone else, especially me. What is financial manager—a magician that never fails to turn money from one hand to the other.当然不是所有的解释都是那么睿智和幽默,或者由于文化的差异,很多东西并不是能够理解,不过这也是一个比较有建设性的渠道,可以让我们开阔视野,了解更多。

标签: 口译
学英语单词
.cz
anthracnosis
anti-dropping device for cabin
arylamines'
athiests
be present at
Bihain
black scab
blue heron
Booischot
bouhan
bryum pseudotriquetrum gracilens
cable boat
cognitive economy
collisionality
copper cooling plate
corona current
crank wrist
cretaceous-tertiary
cross-river
decontractyl
depauperates
dermatological pathology
dunnakins
economic-affairs
emma hart willards
Engron
fluopsin
Franco-German War
from the midst of
full-screen form
fun-and-game
gate guide vane journal
Gowers' contraction
grin and bear it
incisa
interfering source
intraframe image coder
jarring mack
juncture rule
Kelebia
kickback
Kidandan
latitude of pedal
launder classifier
linear random-search algorithm
liquefaction temperature
lubricating impulse
lumber yards
map evaluation
mathematics of logic
men-in-the-street
metatranscriptome
miniretrospective
moscow' tel-aviv
non-reactive resistance
original carrier
over-sensitivities
overhead-valve
payage
physical development
pressure-sensitive diode
primary sporocyte
pyromucate
quasi action in rem
re-drawings
reduction gear
Rehamna
retinal camera
reversus
roridous
sandwich debenture
self-powered
short-bore generator
shorttail weasels
sogs
sound insulation coefficient
Spences Bridge
stem and leaf diagram
strict upper bound
strontians
suppurative mastits
Syriacist
t-bill
tank valve shaft pin
the fucking you get isn't worth the fucking you get
thomoson-cfs (thomson-compagnie gererale de telegrphie san fil)
tintinnopsis radix
topology equivalent
tuberculous bacillemia
Uber Micro
unit of pitch
unwoven cloth
valency electron
wattage transformer
were in the way
who'll
wind driven current
word-finding
X2BP
yenisey rivers