时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英语口译


英语课

   英译汉技巧:词义的选择和引伸技巧


  英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后,就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧,以使所译语句自然流畅,完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手:
  1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义
  They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。(形容词)
  He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。(动词)
  Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。(名词)
  2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。
  He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。
  He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。
  He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他。
  This is the last place where I expected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。
  词义引伸是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一。翻译时,有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义,如果任意硬套或逐词死译,就会使译文生硬晦涩,不能确切表达原意,甚至会造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该词的根本含义出发,进一步加以引伸,引伸时,往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑。
  1、词义转译。当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时,应根据上下文和逻辑关系,引伸转译。
  The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat .太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球。
  2、词义具体化。根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词。
  The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round the earth.最后一级火箭升得更高,把“阿波罗号”送进围绕地球运行的轨道。
  3、词义抽象化。根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较具体的词引伸为词义较抽象的词,或把词义较形象的词引伸为词义较一般的词。
  Every life has its roses and thorns .每个人的生活都有甜有苦。

标签: 英译汉
学英语单词
0595
animal flower
Apocheima cinerarius
Arnedillo
baguley
Balkan Oblast
be in the right place at the right time
big-screen
box families
brakegear
bravais correlation coefficient
butterer
Canosa di Puglia
ceramic loudspeaker
charg(ing) stock
Charrin's disease
chordal node
collective title
coordinate of motion
curved shock
daydream
declivy
defrag status
Detarex C
diameter at smaller end
diurnalism
dual net
dubitative
elymus caput-medusaes
endpoint fingerprinting
epulis intraosseus
erans
evidencer
expect the extremity
favia
female-only
frictional strain gauge
games consoles
global work area
Hedera
high angle region
hydraulic vacuum servo
impecunious
impulse broading
indentation hardness test
intestinal benign tumor
jefferson fracture
Kingskerswell
lot size system
maid-of-all-work
motor bearing
moving forward
multiple station die
natural killer lymphocyte
nigromete
NRFC
Nucleus centromedianus
one-colour
oral rehydration
packaging industry
parental love
Paso de Indios
pawelczyk
Phytodiniaceae
plasmopara paulowniae
pneumonic plagues
preadaptations
producer tax
professional technicians
profilit
Pteroceltis tatarinowii
qnantity of rediant energy
quadriphony
quarantine measure
quasi-insulator
ratio of cornering radius
relation of diversity
restrict sales
rumohra adiantiformiss
run one's head against a wall
scientize
sergeant majors
size-investment
Solidaster
sprengels
step insertion of reactivity
still on the drawing board s
stoltzfus
strengthening of fastening device
tcnicas
techstep
terms percent
the space of
tibbus
Timazin
Tokchon
train loader
trichloro-2-propanol
tyre attachment
Veregin
winter rose
zoning classification