时间:2018-12-12 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

   C. 主从复合句的分译


  英语复合句汉译时常在分句连接处加以切分,分译成两个或两个以上的句子。例如:
  (1) One day, while out on the bleak 1 moors 2, Pip is startled by a hulking, menacing man who threatens him if he does not bring him some food immediately.
  匹普外出在阴冷的荒原上游荡时,一个魁梧、凶狠的男子把他吓了一跳。这个男子威胁他,让他立即为他送些食物来。(在who引导的从句前切分)
  (2) All this had come to an end in 1905 when the medical mission was dissolved and several of Mother's colleagues were killed in the uprising.
  1905年,这一切都宣布结束了。在一次暴动中,妈妈的几个同事牺牲了,医疗队也解散了。(when处切分)
  D. 其他情况的分译
  有些长句的翻译得根据具体情况、意群的分布等进行灵活处理,合理进行切分,使译文层次分明,观点明确。例如:
  (1) Suddenly the door bursts open and the Time Traveler appears, dirty, disheveled, and bedraggled, with a nasty cut on his chin.
  突然,门猛然开了,时间旅行家出现。他十分肮脏,衣冠不整,满身是泥,下巴颏被严重划伤。(在appear后切分)
  (2) The boy and the woman were already seated by spread table-cloth when the man came down to them, dressed in his business suit and vest and tie and hat as if he expected to meet someone along the way.
  等到男人走过来时,女人和孩子早已挨着地上铺开的桌布边坐好了。男人身穿上班的套装和背心,系着领带,戴着帽子,似乎估计路上会遇到什么人似的。(分词短语前切分)
  二、合并
  一般说来,英语句子要比汉语句子长,英译汉时切分用得较多;但是较口语化的英语句子也比较短,英译汉时有时也得用合并。合并常用于以下二种情况:
  (一) 简单句与简单句的合并
  把原文中的两个或两个以上的简单句合并成一个句子。例如:
  (1) She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems.
  她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力,还善于解决问题。(两句合一)
  (2) The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor 3. She was near collapse 4, barely able to move her swollen 5 feet.
  门没锁上,她走了进去,呆呆地坐了下来,极度的衰弱几乎使她无力挪动她那红肿的双脚。(三句合一)
  (3) I pulled up a chair and sat down. I sat with my legs wide apart at first. But this struck me as being irreverent and too familiar. So I put my knees together and let my hands rest loosely on them.
  我把椅子挪过去坐下,开始两脚分开,但我突然觉得这样显得不尊重,太不拘礼节,便把两膝并拢,把双手随便地放在膝盖上。(四句合一)
  (二) 复合句的合并
  把原文中的主从复合句或并列复合句译成一个简单句或词组。例如:
  (1) We are going to have to be prepared to operate with people who are nuts.
  我们将不得不应付那些难对付的家伙。
  (2) And he found himself trying to suppress a bitterness that was soul-destroying.
  他发现自己在竭力抑制损伤灵魂的苦涩。
  (3) Many people have married whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha's.
  许多条件远不如玛莎的人都已结了婚。
  (4) The diagnosis 6 seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt.
  每次看病的诊断似乎都和我所有的感觉完全相符。

1 bleak
adj.(天气)阴冷的;凄凉的;暗淡的
  • They showed me into a bleak waiting room.他们引我来到一间阴冷的会客室。
  • The company's prospects look pretty bleak.这家公司的前景异常暗淡。
2 moors
v.停泊,系泊(船只)( moor的第三人称单数 )
  • the North York moors 北约克郡的漠泽
  • They're shooting grouse up on the moors. 他们在荒野射猎松鸡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 stupor
v.昏迷;不省人事
  • As the whisky took effect, he gradually fell into a drunken stupor.随着威士忌酒力发作,他逐渐醉得不省人事。
  • The noise of someone banging at the door roused her from her stupor.梆梆的敲门声把她从昏迷中唤醒了。
4 collapse
vi.累倒;昏倒;倒塌;塌陷
  • The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
  • The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。
5 swollen
adj.肿大的,水涨的;v.使变大,肿胀
  • Her legs had got swollen from standing up all day.因为整天站着,她的双腿已经肿了。
  • A mosquito had bitten her and her arm had swollen up.蚊子叮了她,她的手臂肿起来了。
6 diagnosis
n.诊断,诊断结果,调查分析,判断
  • His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
  • The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。
标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
a dead duck
access-control register
all of sth
Apium graveolens rapaceum
associated degree
Ban Na Kha
barrier-free
bestwick
bone-meals
buryktalskite
callistus i
carbohydrides
cardiographic
central choroidal sclerosis
Ceratostigma willmottianum
cholestane-diol
contiguous item
DBI-TD
demibras
dideopsis aegrota
dive milling
Docloran
Dodinga, Tk.
door-knocking
down-fallen
dry-type multidisc electromagnetic clutch
dynamic grain refinement
earth-received times
eciophyte
Edwards, Alfred George
Eleanor
endorsement with the words without recourse
enterprise social software
Eriocaulon henryanum
Exchange-traded Contract
fendering
gas-cooled fast reactor
geomagnetic map
goods with imported content
harbour dues
have sb on
high aluminum mineral
histamine phophate
ignition speed
inertia force
instantaneous field of view
intuitional paradox
jelly fish machine
jostler
Kankakee
landing gear torque arm
laser feedback
liberty of touch and stay
liquid horse-power
log infrared
lower shoe bearing
lyapounov exponent
Malus leiocalyca
Markham Bay
means depreciation kilometre
mediastino-bronchial cyst
messaoud
multi-bundle fiber cable
negociate
nickel protoxide
nontricyclic
oberthueria formosibia
olecranarthropathy
omaniss
one-earner
ourstred
p-p-tetramethyldiaminodiphenylmethane
pawhuska
permanent repairs of ship
perpendicular vector
Pisa, Mount
political sensitivity
polluted fish
power piping system
preamplifier stage
procrustean rules
pupa conica
research costs planning
rupture of the heart
Rāra National Park
salinum
sealed fluid coupling
Sevi, Col de
shilling-mark
shuntwound
sinter cake
stanzas
sulfomucin
supergranular cell
tenor saxophonists
thematisation
thread take-up spring regulator
transverse head
uncoffin
water - based paint
waveform deviation factor
xerophytic