时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

   声色词是拟声词(onomatopoetic words)和色彩词(color words)的合称。前者模仿人、动物、自然现象、机器或工具等物品或动作所产生的各种声响,后者表现客观世界展现在我们眼前的各种色彩。声色词具有独特的修辞效果,运用得当会使语言表达生动活泼、引人入胜。翻译这两类词语一定要注意英汉两种语言之间的差异,细心推敲,尽可能再现原文中所描绘的客观世界里的声音和色彩。


  拟声词
  一、英汉拟声词比较
  英语和汉语中的拟声词都很丰富,但是大部分的拟声词在发音上相差甚远。这是因为拟声词是按照某种语言的语音系统对客观世界的声音加以模拟改造的结果,所以不可避免地带有该语言的发音特征。因此,英语和汉语中的拟声词之间既存在相同之处又存在不同之处。它们大体可以归纳为以下三点:
  A. 同一声音在英语和汉语中用不同的拟声词来表示:
  ***-a-doodle-do──喔喔喔
  clip-clop──(马蹄)得得声
  tick-tack──(钟表)滴答声
  hoot(toot)──嘟嘟
  dub-a-dub──(鼓)咚咚声
  jingle-jangle──玎玲当啷
  A horse neighs/whinnies/nickers.马嘶/马鸣/马萧萧。
  A dog barks/yaps/yelps/bays/snarls/growls/howls.狗汪汪叫/犬吠。
  A fly hums/buzzes/drones.苍蝇嗡嗡/哼哼叫。
  A mosquito hums /buzzes/drones.蚊子哼哼/嗡嗡叫。
  A pig grunts/squeals. 猪咕噜咕噜/哼哼叫。
  B. 同一声音在英语和汉语中用相同的拟声词来表达:
  meow(或meou)──喵
  hiss──嘶嘶(作声)
  dingdong──丁冬(声),叮当(声)
  ping──乒
  giggle──咯咯(地笑)
  pit-a-pat──劈劈啪啪(地)
  cuckoo──咕咕
  A cow moos.母牛哞哞叫。
  A pigeon coos.鸽子咕咕叫。
  C. 不同的声音用相同的拟声词:
  babble──(婴儿)咿呀学语声;(流水)潺潺作声
  smack──(拍击声、鞭打声、砸嘴声、掌掴声)
  萧萧──(a horse) neighs, (the rain) patters, (the wind) whistles, (thetrees) rustle
  鸣──(birds) chirp, (frogs) creak, (a bugle) honks

标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
A.Ae.E.
actinica
adaptive lattice predictor
air - fuel ratio
air and screen cleaner
artocarpus hypargyraea hance red cassia tree
asbestos textolite
automatic ragged-right justification
blanket flowers
boo-word
bore interferometer
Brunner's gland
buoyancy rate
by installments
castelvetro
cesure
chip pans
Citrate(re)-synthase
comb type relay
completely multiplicative function
conical scanning antenna
critical approach curve
David Copperfield
Donovan's solution
EASL
electrolytic wirebar
enamel opaque spot
eurocidin
experiment of fishing remote sensing
farmers reserving grain for the state
Feynman diagrams
fight a war of annihilation
finanziaria
firm feel
fluviatile sediment
formation yard
fossil lake
free education for workers
gastromancers
gomasio
grizzly crusher
groat
he reasoned that...
Hüttental
ibogine
ice hold
IIF
impact metamorphic facies
imperfectiveness
incidental reinforcement
incurabilities
inside door
isoniazid methanesulfonic sodium
isopropyl p-hydroxybenzoate
keratoplastia
kierkegaards
korowai
lamoreux
land plant
large panel
leyburn
mandrel socket
mean relative deviation
moakleys
mobile communication network
molecular modeling
monteban
network speeds
olivary
ozanam
Pentylsalicylamide
persistent iridopupillary membrane
photochemically induced oxidation
potassium manganese(iii) sulfate
present worth factor
press-fastener
pressure-type thermometer
propagandizings
protozoal abscess
publicised
reduced travel time curve
reinforced binding
relay bridging
resurrection ferns
rod stuffing box
scintillation duration
screw nicking machine
semiconducting laser
Sierra Leone River
snuff bean
sorting unit
staghorn moss
surrender of bills
tape-to-card converter
transierd
unmoustached
unsmutty
vowel systems
wazzcocked
xraniotonoscope
Zajta
zeug