时间:2018-12-02 作者:英语课 分类:Scientific American(十二)月


英语课

This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute?


As a bitter winter storm rages on the east coast, it's hard to knock being warm-blooded. But what about the metabolic 1 cost of maintaining a high body-temperature? Well, a new study finds that we and many other mammals keep up such a torrid temp because it's a Goldilocks situation—98.6 is just right.


Albert Einstein College of Medicine researchers previously 2 showed that every one degree Celsius 3 rise in body temperature wards 4 off about 6 percent more fungal species. So tens of thousands of fungi 5 can infect reptiles 6 and amphibians 7, but we can only be invaded by a few hundred fungi.


In the new work, the researchers created a mathematical model that weighed the fungal protection benefits versus 8 the metabolic cost of high body-temperature. And the optimal 9 temperature was 98.1, quite close to what evolution figured out. The research was published in the open-access journal mBio.


Too low a temperature and we're far more susceptible 10 to fungal infections. Too high a temperature and we'd spend all our time taking in fuel to burn. So 98.6, like that middle bowl of porridge, is just right.


Thanks for the minute. For Scientific American's 60-Second Science, I'm Steve Mirsky.



1 metabolic
adj.新陈代谢的
  • Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
  • A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。
2 previously
adv.以前,先前(地)
  • The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。
3 Celsius
adj.摄氏温度计的,摄氏的
  • The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
  • The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。
4 wards
区( ward的名词复数 ); 病房; 受监护的未成年者; 被人照顾或控制的状态
  • This hospital has 20 medical [surgical] wards. 这所医院有 20 个内科[外科]病房。
  • It was a big constituency divided into three wards. 这是一个大选区,下设三个分区。
5 fungi
n.真菌,霉菌
  • Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
  • The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。
6 reptiles
n.爬行动物,爬虫( reptile的名词复数 )
  • Snakes and crocodiles are both reptiles. 蛇和鳄鱼都是爬行动物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Birds, reptiles and insects come from eggs. 鸟类、爬虫及昆虫是卵生的。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
7 amphibians
两栖动物( amphibian的名词复数 ); 水陆两用车; 水旱两生植物; 水陆两用飞行器
  • The skin of amphibians is permeable to water. 两栖动物的皮肤是透水的。
  • Two amphibians ferry them out over the sands. 两辆水陆两用车把他们渡过沙滩。
8 versus
prep.以…为对手,对;与…相比之下
  • The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
  • The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
9 optimal
adj.最适宜的;最理想的;最令人满意的
  • What is the optimal mix of private and public property rights in natural resources?私人和国家的自然资源产权的最适宜的组合是什么?
  • Optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.帆船最优行驶路径规划是帆船比赛取胜的关键环节。
10 susceptible
adj.过敏的,敏感的;易动感情的,易受感动的
  • Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
  • We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。
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学英语单词
-orPhan
a branch of instruction in school
abdominal sursery
Adenosma glutinosum
aerobiological
Akshak
asphalt block pavements
Bunaca
capitis deminutio media
chain pikes
chimney shaft
complete phase
contraposite
control sphere
cromme
cutcherries
data-monitorings
decommissioning of nuclear power plant
derived energy
diphosphole
dysecoia
effusion
El Hidjer
elaphoglossum luzonicum
energy system
enzymatic hydrolysis
equivalent beds
eternal sin
exfoliative cystitis
exoticas
Extort.
filipovic
Foum el Kheneg
Gofitskoye
graded hardening
graphical interpretation
grip of bolt
gutshot
Harpina
helobial type endosperm
hofmann elimination
inherdance
Johansson block
juvenile neutrophil
kantel (germany)
Kāzipur
left-hook
Lingya District
M.Ed.s
maclntyre tank
magnetic tape read head
majerle
Marhaj Khalīl
method of service
methylated fibre
mould inhibitor
Mount Philip
musa-ensete
mussino
Naomundi
naphthotriazole
natural vaseline
nonconventional
normalsample
oannes
oil-supply tank
open dichotomous venation
original quotation
other-sex
petropolis
piston rod top nut
portfolio optimization
preliminary result
projection ratio
protofascism
psychoanalytic
pummelion
Pynchon, Thomas
Rajappen
Ramphastos
seaman's book
Seattle, Mt.
seedly
self-contained pressure regulator
single-bead lap joint
speckle
step-mothers
Tabora Reg.
tawdriest
techno-pagan
tegular
thin layer drying
torpedo detection sonar
transgranulation
turbulent dissipation
twin-core
two-dimensional fluid flow
underexpanded jet
valve cone
water-cisterns
zero fatigue