时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

  (二) 英语小说的翻译

小说反映的是广阔的社会现实,因此翻译英语小说首先必须有着宽广的知识面,有着较为丰富的英语民族与国家的社会文化知识,如历史、地理、文学艺术、政治、宗教、体育、风土民情等等,这对于我们准确理解原著起着十分重要的作用。其次,译者必须具备一定的文学鉴赏力,在一定程度上,他应是一个文学批评家,原著的成败得失他都应悉熟于心。再者,译者必须对译入语驾轻就熟,有较高的母语表达能力,既要能对译出语意会,又要能用译入语言传。他应在遣词造句上下功夫,正确运用翻译技巧,避免使用过于欧化的句式以保证行文的连贯流畅。同时,译者还应深入分析原作的语言风格(如是正式的还是非正式的,是高雅的还是粗俗的,是口语化的还是书卷气十足的等)。最后还要提一下形象思维能力和想象能力,这两种能力的强弱会直接影响到译者对原文的理解和汉语表达。形象思维是作家的主要思维方式,想象力是小说家的重要禀赋,而好的译者应在这两个方面最大限度地接近作家。请看杨必所译萨克雷(W·M·Thackeray)的《名利场》(Vanity Fair)中的一个片段:

"I hate the whole house," continued Miss Sharp in a fury."I hope I may never set eyes on it again. I wish it were in the bottom of the Thames, I do; and if Miss Pinkerton were there, I wouldn't pick her out, that I wouldn't. O how I should like to see her floating in the water yonder, turban and all, with her train streaming after her, and her nose like the beak 1 of a wherry." 夏泼小姐狠狠地说道:"我恨透了这整个儿的学校。但愿我一辈子也别再看见它,我恨不得叫它沉到泰晤士河里去。倘若平克顿小姐掉在河里,我也不高兴捞她起来。我才不干呢!哈!我就爱看她在水里泡着,头上包着包头布,后面拖着个大裙子,鼻子像个小船似的浮在水面上。"

二、 散文的翻译

(一) 散文语言的特点

散文有广义与狭义之分。广义的散文是相对于韵文而言的,指除去韵文以外的所有文体。狭义的散文指那些记事、记人、抒发情感、发表议论的文章。本小节所讨论的散文是指狭义的散文,它与小说的主要区别在于它的非虚构性质。散文语言与小说中的叙事和议事语言十分相似,但更为清新自然、活泼灵秀、洗炼畅达,能带给人更多的美感。

(二) 散文的翻译

翻译散文,首先要准确把握原文的内容与风格,因为内容与风格是统一的。譬如英国早期的散文多为说明性文字、教育用文字和劝谕性文字,用古英语写成,以简洁朴实见长,且有明显的口语化倾向。另外要认真体会散文的时代风格与作家风格,如培根的散文多用排比并列句式,形式工整,而这同时也是英国十七世纪散文的一大修辞特点。十八世纪的散文,初中期口语化盛行,代表作家是艾迪生(Joseph Addison)和斯梯尔(Richard Steele),但到了末期却又转向典雅华丽。到了十九世纪,虽然一部分作家仍坚持散文朴实无华的特点,但在整个文学艺术界浪漫主义思潮的影响下,浪漫派散文似乎一直占据上风,作家常直抒胸臆,表现自己鲜明独特的个性。这类散文句式灵活、语言新颖,富有极强的感染力。其生动的比喻、强烈的节奏感、飞扬的文采形成了散文的时代特色。但进入二十世纪后,英国散文的主流又回到了以正规口语为基础的朴实自然语言。翻译英语散文时,对上述语言风格的变化不能不察。以下一例是刘炳善所译英国散文作家亨特(Leigh Hunt 1784-1859)的A Few Thoughts on Sleep的最后一小段:

Sleep is most graceful 2 in an infant; soundest, in one who has been tired in the open air; completest, to the seaman 3 after a hard voyage; most welcome, to the mind haunted with one idea; most touching 4 to look at, in the parent that has wept; lightest, in the playful child; proudest, in the bride adored.

婴儿的睡眠,最为优美;疲劳的人在户外睡眠,最为酣畅;水手在艰苦航程之后的睡眠,最为圆满;为某种意念所苦的人,对睡眠最为欢迎;哭泣后的母亲的睡眠,最动人心弦;一个顽皮小孩的睡眠,最为轻松;一个深受爱慕的新娘的睡眠,最为骄傲。



n.鸟嘴,茶壶嘴,钩形鼻
  • The bird had a worm in its beak.鸟儿嘴里叼着一条虫。
  • This bird employs its beak as a weapon.这种鸟用嘴作武器。
adj.优美的,优雅的;得体的
  • His movements on the parallel bars were very graceful.他的双杠动作可帅了!
  • The ballet dancer is so graceful.芭蕾舞演员的姿态是如此的优美。
n.海员,水手,水兵
  • That young man is a experienced seaman.那个年轻人是一个经验丰富的水手。
  • The Greek seaman went to the hospital five times.这位希腊海员到该医院去过五次。
adj.动人的,使人感伤的
  • It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
  • His letter was touching.他的信很感人。
标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
albedo neutron dosimeter
allige
altice
Anglo-Americanism
ardenn
autoconsequent falls
axle key
B.H.
beswick
biryanis
black figure nation
bruise mark
burn powder
call route
chagrind
chock off
clay formation
dilaurylformamide(DLE)
dinitroaminotoluene
discoverance
discrete-variable problem
diverticles
do someone out of
drop-indicator
egalitarian
elspars
enamel cement
errors of principles
evolutionary rate
firemens
flower bud formation
foodborne-disease
gang-girl
genus oxylebiuss
greater galangal
Gutenstetten
high pressure autoclave
high temperature circuit
hollow cathode aluminum ion laser
horizontal barrel
Huon G.
hydroxylamine sulfate
hymecromone
Hyserpa
information loss
inkosi
insulating feeder sleeve
isophagy
Jerichoans
kenza
Lorentz-force density
lubricator bracket
lychee seed
magnetic rock
maturation of soil
mcalpin
metallic money
microcytotic
mitted
molding practice
monoclinic crystal axis
natural sequence
no expense is spared
no-haggle
non-commissioned ship
non-voluntary
one-jet
participialized
pedal protractor muscle
plantation economy
plasma-enhanced etching
plate distortion
plumbi monoxidum
polygenetic regeneration
prebble
prevention of enemy agent
projecting conduit
protons
requests for proposals (rfps)
Salogon
Samoyedes
sciatic artery
scruting of vouchers
sea recovery
servant girls
siliceous exchanger
stepmum
stepped bulkhead
straight-fluted reamer
swinth
tetrodon poisoning
Toona microcarpa
toughened water gauge glass
tracking missile with TV
transitional cell carcinoma of pharynx
transmitting distortion
Uhland
value chain management
veined paper
weighted average inventory valuation
WFPT
zafrani