时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英语学习方法


英语课

   翻译中,灵活性和原则性是涉及语言效果和传达原意的两个方面。缺乏灵活性会影响表达效果,如“月亮代表我的心”若“忠实地”翻译为“The moon stands for my heart”就不如灵活地翻译为“The moon reflects my mood”(字面意思:月亮反映我的心情)更容易理解,因为世界各地都“月有阴晴圆缺,人有悲欢离合”。“曲高和寡”在绝大多数情况下是一个比喻的说法,译为“Highbrow songs finds few singers”就很难传达实际应用中的意义。笔者认为翻译成“High art is hard to understand”或“Elegance means loneliness”(高雅意味着孤独)更妥。又如,把“日出江花红胜火”翻译为“The flowers in river are redder than fire when the sun rises”就不像是写景的句子,译为“Beneath the rising sun, rivers are aflame with flowers in bloom”才有诗意。(字面意思:旭日冉冉,江花盛开江如燃)


  缺乏灵活性有时还会损害原则性。英语中gallant有“英勇”和“善于讨好女性”两方面意思,和汉语中“风流”确实对应得很好,但很多专家对号入座地把“大江东去,浪淘尽千古风流人物”中的“风流人物”翻译为gallant heroes,会让人误以为周瑜、诸葛亮等在战场上和情场上都是高手。其实只要译成heroes就可以了。结合中国历史整句话可以翻译为:“Chinese history sees Yangtze run; thousands years and myriad 1 heroes, with rolling waves are gone”。英国人和美国人都认为这种译法最佳,不仅因为本词的主题是怀古,“中国历史目睹长江奔流”和“随着滚滚波涛千秋岁月和无数英雄已经远走”能给人以岁月沧桑的感觉,而且美国的小说<<飘>>(Gone with the Wind)广为人知,享有盛誉。
  笔者所遇到的最棘手的问题是翻译“士为知己者死,女为悦己者容”。直接译为“A gentleman dies for one who knows his heart; a woman makes up her face for one who pleases her”不仅不适于多数场合,而且一有人讨好就梳妆打扮,把女的说成“三陪”之类的人了。事实上,“士为知己者死”是一种态度和决心,不仅仅是行动;“女为悦己者容”也不是“让她高兴她就梳妆打扮”。“容”体现的是对美好生活的向往,“悦己者”也不是随便来讨好的人,而应该理解为触动她心弦的人。简言之,前句谈事业,后句谈生活,因此可以译为“A true man is ready to die a loyal death for those who know the worth of him; a woman is eager to live a happy life with one who touches the chord in her”。(字面意思:男人忠于知道自己价值的人并会为之慷慨赴死,女人渴望和触动自己心弦的人过着幸福的生活)
  文艺翻译要讲究灵活性,对专业术语和政治用语的翻译则要讲究原则性。例如,外语教学中的eclecticism无论从内涵和词源上看都是“博采众长”,却被译为“折衷主义”,褒义词几乎成了贬义词。台湾问题在国内的很多英文报刊上被说成“Taiwan issue”,但从政治意义上讲台湾问题是一个注定了要有answer的question,不是一个可以众说纷纭的 issue,我们没必要和西方媒体保持一致。

adj.无数的;n.无数,极大数量
  • They offered no solution for all our myriad problems.对于我们数不清的问题他们束手无策。
  • I had three weeks to make a myriad of arrangements.我花了三个星期做大量准备工作。
标签: 翻译
学英语单词
-teenth
agathidium (agathidium) glabricolle
allosteric proteins (watson)
Alphatrex
aphis fabaes
argument form
beta decays
Birkelundia
break-away velocity
cagier
catalytic methylation
chapel services
Chicholi
cultural cleansing
cyrtometry
Davao Oriental, Prov.of
day call
dermomycosis
deuteron alpha reaction
dim-headed
diplex system
dreamish
eulogium
Excess kurtosis
exobasidium reticulum ito et sawada
external lateral velar bar
farm manure
Faucilles, Mts.
four-stars
genus Hymenophyllum
geological remote sensing
greek valerians
H.E.D.
hardingstones
hatzair
hepitaploid
Hirwaun
hormone injection
hydraulic buffer
Hydrothenardite
hypermuscular
idealized fluid
Jussieuan
Kizlyarskiy Rayon
kou lan
Kunitachi
labatts
lamp finish
living through
Lysionotus omeiensis
Meyenburg-Altherr-Uehlinger(syndrome)
mood lighting
NHPIC
NICHHD
Näverkärret
ofhypoattenuation
on assignment
opposing electromotive force
original routine
outstanding losses
overparty
paper printing
par me
parallel communication
perpensity
place on a pedestal
playing hooky
plunger fitting clearance
polev
polyodontoid
positive double complex
print wheel
Ptolemy V Epiphanes
rationalizations
reciprocal correspondence
reconfigurable hardware
rectovaginal pouch
relay must-release value
retranslating
sail over
sequence of function
servantry
Sevimol
sidestreams
sketchpads
snake hole
sound-image
standing motionless as if facing a wall
sub-harmonic noise
submortuarian
teg
thallous ferrous selenate
throw a conniption
tool chests
torremolinos
trachelomonas volvocina
underwater bed tamping
unrelieving
Vanda coerulea
variable-pressure drop
volume flow rate of vacuum pump
yarn smith