时间:2019-03-04 作者:英语课 分类:TED演讲教育篇


英语课

   Think about that one. Have you ever entered an argument thinking, 在参加辩论的时候,你有没有想过


  "Let's see if we can hash something out rather than fight it out. 让我们看看能不能共同敲定一些事情,而非由一方说服另一方。
  What can we work out together?"  有什么是我们可以共同协作的?
  And I think the argument-as-war metaphor 1 inhibits 2 those other kinds of resolutions to argumentation. 我觉得辩论如战争的这个比喻已经盖过了其他的辩论形式。
  And finally, this is really the worst thing, arguments don't seem to get us anywhere. 最终,最糟糕的是,通过争论我们不会学到什么东西。
  They're dead ends.  这样的辩论就如同一个死胡同。
  They are roundabouts or traffic jams or gridlock in conversation. 交流中的环状公路交通阻塞或者一个僵局。
  We don't get anywhere.  我们停在原地,到不了任何其他地方。
  Oh, and one more thing, and as an educator, this is the one that really bothers me: 噢,其实还有一件事情,作为一个教育工作者,这里还有一个问题困扰了我很久:
  If argument is war, then there's an implicit 3 equation of learning with losing. 如果辩论是场战争,那么这也隐含着学习等于失去的意思。
  And let me explain what I mean.  让我解释一下我的观点。
  Suppose you and I have an argument.  比如说,你和我进行了一场辩论。
  You believe a proposition, P, and I don't.  你主张观点,P,但是我不同意。
  And I say, "Well why do you believe P?"  然后我说,“好了,为什么你相信P”
  And you give me your reasons.  然后你给出了你的理由。
  And I object and say, "Well, what about ...?"  然后我反对并说,“好,那关于。。。?”
  And you answer my objection.  然后你回答我的反对。
  And I have a question: "Well, what do you mean?  然后我提问:“额,你的意思是?
  How does it apply over here?" And you answer my question.  那么在这个地方他如何解释?” 然后你又回答了我的问题。
  Now, suppose at the end of the day, I've objected, I've questioned, 现在,假设一天快结束了,我反对,我提问,
  I've raised all sorts of counter-considerations,  我给出了所有反对问题,
  and in every case you've responded to my satisfaction.  然后在所有的问题上你都让我满意了。
  And so at the end of the day, I say,  然后在一天快要结束的时候,我说,
  "You know what? I guess you're right. P." ”你知道吗?我觉得在P这个观点上你没准是对的。“
  So I have a new belief.  所以我有了新的见解。
  And it's not just any belief,  但是这不仅仅是一个见解,
  but it's a well-articulated, examined, it's a battle-tested belief. 而是一个阐述清楚的,经过验证的,同时也是经得起挑战的见解。
  Great cognitive 4 gain. Okay. Who won that argument?  多好的结果啊。好了。那谁赢了这场辩论呢?
  Well, the war metaphor seems to force us into saying you won, 好了,将辩论作为战争的人们会强迫我们承认,提出见解那方赢了,
  even though I'm the only one who made any cognitive gain.  即使我才是那个获得新见解的人。
  What did you gain cognitively 5 from convincing me?  那么作为说服我的人,他在获得了什么新的见解吗?
  Sure, you got some pleasure out of it, maybe your ego 6 stroked,  没错,你从中获得了一些愉悦,或许一些自我安慰
  maybe you get some professional status in the field.  或许在你的领域里获得了一些专业声誉。
  This guy's a good arguer.  这家伙是个辩论好手。
  But cognitively, now -- just from a cognitive point of view -- who was the winner?  但是从认知角度而言,仅仅从认识的角度来看,谁是胜利者?
  The war metaphor forces us into thinking that you're the winner and I lost, even though I gained. 视辩论如战争的人们会强迫我们认为,你是胜者而我是败者,即使是我也有所得。
  And there's something wrong with that picture.  这个认识本身存在一些错误。
  And that's the picture I really want to change if we can.  同时我也想去改变这个认识。

n.隐喻,暗喻
  • Using metaphor,we say that computers have senses and a memory.打个比方,我们可以说计算机有感觉和记忆力。
  • In poetry the rose is often a metaphor for love.玫瑰在诗中通常作为爱的象征。
阻止,抑制( inhibit的第三人称单数 ); 使拘束,使尴尬
  • A small manufacturing sector inhibits growth in the economy. 制造业规模太小有碍经济增长。
  • His bad English inhibits him from speaking freely. 他英语学得不好,这使他不能表达自如。
a.暗示的,含蓄的,不明晰的,绝对的
  • A soldier must give implicit obedience to his officers. 士兵必须绝对服从他的长官。
  • Her silence gave implicit consent. 她的沉默表示默许。
adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的
  • As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大,他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
  • The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。
  • Cognitively,man,the subject of cognition,must classify and categorize the objects. 从认知学角度来看 ,作为认知主体的人对于认知对象必须进行分类和范畴化。 来自互联网
  • Cognitively, reference can be studied along with information processing of human mind. 从认知的角度看,要研究人类思维的信息处理过程。 来自互联网
n.自我,自己,自尊
  • He is absolute ego in all thing.在所有的事情上他都绝对自我。
  • She has been on an ego trip since she sang on television.她上电视台唱过歌之后就一直自吹自擂。
标签: TED演讲
学英语单词
acetyl sulfisoxazole
acousto-optical effects
act as host
AFAS
American grey birch
Androgeron
angle stringer
ankle support
aphthae orientalis
associative matrix
Assurbanipal
bagwig
black figure
camp chair
cannabic
cementing compound
chaining core block
channel ferry
cheoplasty
cimicifugae
class president
coal as received
cortical arousal
crepuscularity
data source group
daytrader
deconjugated
designation register
devaughn
dispatching desk
draw-twist
earbook
elastic potential energies
engine management system
equivalent treatment
export import financing
extension hand wheel block
fariba
feel badly
flexible type of roller bearing
float-zone silicon
flow pressure drop
genus anaphaliss
genus Neophron
gliding flow
gravity stabilized soil mixing plant
haruspication
house husbands
Howard Hawks
Huntertown
hydrolazine
if-then system description
immunoprobes
industrial training
infinitesimal strain
inter-block
isthmolongispora minima
joint investment
karst engineering geology
liver-fluke
Luco, Mte.
McGregor R.
mounting of telescope
Mouthkote
nongerminal
obelus
obligate long-day plants
only his way
Ostprussia(East Prussia)
overprizes
pachysandiol
phosphotransacetylase
photon population
principal equation of gravimetric geodesy
prismosphere
projective center
reaction network
rough waters
salariats
scale converter
scraper bowl
screen shot
scrieve board
self-death
self-defeating personality disorder
sewer pipe
shake ... off
sine cosine capacitor
spalling effect
Sphaeranthus africanus
tabanus conicus
Taran, Mys
transitional process
two-color hologram
vegeburgers
visible speech
vrooms
wake low
weight vector
weyerhaeuser
worsted rubbing frame
yellow stunt of oat