时间:2019-01-20 作者:英语课 分类:2016年Scientific American(九)月


英语课

 


Random 1 numbers are hugely important for modern computing 2. They're used to encrypt credit card numbers and emails. To inject randomness 3 into online gaming. And to simulate super complex phenomena 4, like protein folding or nuclear fission 5


But here's the dirty secret: a lot of these so-called random numbers are not truly random. They're actually what’s known as "pseudo random numbers," generated by algorithms. Think of generating random numbers by rolling dice 6. If you know the number of dice, it’s simple to figure out something about the realm of possible random numbers—thus putting probabilistic limits on the randomness.


But truly random numbers can be generated through quantum mechanical processes. So researchers built a photonic chip—a computer chip that uses photons instead of electrons. The chip has two lasers: one shoots continuously; the other pulses at regular intervals 7. Each time the two lasers meet, the interference between the light beams is random, thanks to the rules of quantum mechanics. The chip then digitizes that random signal, and voila: a quantum random number generator 8. The study is in the journal Optica. [Carlos Abellan et al., Quantum entropy source on an InP photonic integrated circuit for random number generation]


It's not the first time this sort of thing's been built. But compared to old prototypes, this chip is much smaller—a sixth the size of a penny—and works at high speeds. Meaning small and fast enough for a smartphone? The researchers say that's an entirely 9 predictable outcome.


—Christopher Intagliata



adj.随机的;任意的;n.偶然的(或随便的)行动
  • The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
  • On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
n.计算
  • to work in computing 从事信息处理
  • Back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代(约1980年),他们就创办了软件公司。
n.随意,无安排;随机性
  • The randomness is attributed to the porous medium. 随机性起因于多孔介质。 来自辞典例句
  • Einstein declared that randomness rather than lawfulness is the characteristic of natural events. 爱因斯坦宣称自然现象的特征为不可测性而不是规律化。 来自辞典例句
n.现象
  • Ade couldn't relate the phenomena with any theory he knew.艾德无法用他所知道的任何理论来解释这种现象。
  • The object of these experiments was to find the connection,if any,between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系,如果存在着任何联系的话。
n.裂开;分裂生殖
  • The fission of the cell could be inhibited with certain chemicals.细胞的裂变可以通过某些化学药品加以抑制。
  • Nuclear fission releases tremendous amounts of energy.核裂变释放出巨大的能量。
n.骰子;vt.把(食物)切成小方块,冒险
  • They were playing dice.他们在玩掷骰子游戏。
  • A dice is a cube.骰子是立方体。
n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 );间隔时间;[数学]区间;(戏剧、电影或音乐会的)幕间休息
  • The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers. 预报间晴,有阵雨。
  • Meetings take place at fortnightly intervals. 每两周开一次会。
n.发电机,发生器
  • All the while the giant generator poured out its power.巨大的发电机一刻不停地发出电力。
  • This is an alternating current generator.这是一台交流发电机。
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
学英语单词
achillea millefoliums
advance base assemblies
antidiquark
apiceotomy
artificial ripening
atrabiliary capsules
awe-stricken
bubbliness
Bāsīra
capital tie up
caterpiller
chaff scale
channel control command
cinnamoylhistamine
circuit membrane
cold isostatic compression molding
collationed
cooling medium consumption
dewberry
direct insert subroutine
dog-trainings
double prism spectrograph
erakat
excel yourself
excepted
familial progressive spinal muscular atrophy
fasciculi (musculares) periostales maxill?
fermentation time
fetishistic language
flee and hide
frightmare
Gentiana primuliflora
give suck to
guard byte
ham-and-egger
impact behavior
increased inspection
indirect determination
instrumental theory
interference pulse
internal grinding
laminated plastic board
lannons
Las Casitas
latent productive capital
license price
ltto
Luening, Otto
magnetic particle pattern
maintenance valve
mealled
message reflection
metabalic alkalosis
microscopic chemistry
microwave distribution
mileage stone
movement dialogue
music CD
negotiation price
node of graph
nutrient supplying capability
ovarian germinal epithelium
p-acetamidophenol
pantolestids
party-line driver
peptoid
perfoliatus
periosteal knife
phthalazinyl
postnodals
prenticehood
pseudoscorpions
Purtscher's disease
quattrone
racialist
RAM (random access memory)
Realschule
redoubte
reference column
second lien
secondary contracted kidney
seronine
shivers
shoo-fly
simple interest
spurts out
stenseth
supply soil sample
Teller-Redlich rule
the end of history
tonicizing
transmountain
trimethylolmelamine
tuberculous sacro-iliitis
unminished
us ims
use function
ventilating hood
Wheelus Airfield
with ambition
WMA Lossless
x edit descriptor