时间:2019-01-16 作者:英语课 分类:英语PK台


英语课

 英语三大构词法


据统计,在莎士比亚时代,英语单词总量大约为十四万个,而到了伊丽莎白二世时期,英语单词量已经达到三十三万个,而现在,英语单词量竟然以超过百万。那么,单词量的核裂变似的增长,是一种疯狂的、毫无逻辑的野蛮生长,还是有章可循呢?事实上,英语单词的变化,经历了以下几个阶段,而这些变化,在当今,依旧为英语单词的丰富而贡献着力量。我们就一起来学习一下主流的英语构词法:
在悠久的英语语言变迁中,单词的产生与丰富主要源于以下三种构词方法:compounding合成法;conversion转换法;derivation派生法。
compounding 合成法
合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词的构词法。有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词,还有的在词与词之间用连字符“-”构成一个新单词,这个词叫做复合词。
(1)名词+名词
a. 复合名词的主要构成方式
airport 机场
classroom 教室
arms race 军事竞赛
silkworm 蚕
air conditioner 空调
air raid 空袭
brain drain 人才流失
car park 停车场
generation gap 代沟
hire purchase 分期付款
greenhouse effect 温室效应
labor 1 market 劳动市场
youth hostel 2 青年旅店
(2)形容词+名词
a. 复合名词的主要构成方式
central bank 中央银行
shorthand 速记
natural resources自然资源
social security 社会保险
stainless 3 steel 不锈钢
(3)v-ing+名词
a. 复合名词的主要构成方式
driving license 4 驾驶执照
swimming-pool 游泳池
washing machine 洗衣机
central heating 集中供暖
family planning 计划生育
forehead 额,前额
reading-room 阅览室
(4)动词+名词
a. 复合名词的主要构成方式
pickpocket 扒手
break-water 防洪堤

n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
n.(学生)宿舍,招待所
  • I lived in a hostel while I was a student.我求学期间住在青年招待所里。
  • He says he's staying at a Youth Hostel.他说他现住在一家青年招待所。
adj.无瑕疵的,不锈的
  • I have a set of stainless knives and forks.我有一套不锈钢刀叉。
  • Before the recent political scandal,her reputation had been stainless.在最近的政治丑闻之前,她的名声是无懈可击的。
n.执照,许可证,特许;v.许可,特许
  • The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
  • The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。
标签: 英语PK台
学英语单词
administrative leave
all purpose cargo ship
alphanumeric field
amphibious vehicle
anti-wastes
antonym
appealingly
arc resistance heating
back-checker
beck iron
beesix
boride refractory
calcium parallax
cast steel throw
cat-hair
catecholtannins
choke for oil delivery pipe
cislie
codicil
competent teaching
composite glaze
connectionist learning
Coustouges
cylinder pull
depair
deutzia schneideriana rehd.
down-hole drill
drifter bar
dry type sand reclamation equipment
end window photomultiplier
etioporphyrins
ex post (facto) audit
extra transom
fetoscopies
fibring theorem
ficklest
fire endurance
flying time spectrometer
fore-head
genus Campephilus
genus tytoes
graz
hash foundry
hemerocalliss
hoechstetter
idiographic discipline
illustratress
impedance convertor
injunctive
isobar excitation energy
JAS
kanoodling
kinetic-control system
L-OPS
lime soap
Limone Piemonte
liquor-to-wood ratio
lowboy trailer
Maritime Transport Committee
muleka
musaic
narrow front
nephrotic
news frame
non-salient pole generator
nuchal organ
oothecocyesis
overlend
pekarsky
piatkus
pitter-pattered
pontine angle
power plant compartment
quirkyalone
rammer process
reduction chamber
report package
robbing pheromone
round cable
salami technique
Sarcophagidae
scalding tear
scansionist
Schachter unio of cholinesterase
simple quadruple meter
sleep paralyses
specific quality
spectral property
spiked heel
stethojulis interrupta
subsurface storage
summit meetings
synchronous phase advancer
teshigawaras
transportation chief
true xanthoma
turbas
ubiks
umbellaric acid
urinaryalbumin
usque
wood assortment