上海牛津初中英语九年级下--CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER ONE

[00:44.25]READING

[00:45.74]Page 2 and 3

[00:48.43]THE YOUNG GREEN CONSUMER GUIDE

[00:51.51]Review by Tony Ma

[00:54.62]This book says that our world is in danger

[00:59.32]It is vital that we do something to save the earth

[01:04.21]First of all,what are the threats to our environment?

[01:09.72]The Greenhouse 1 Effect The writers ask us to

[01:16.72]'imagine the earth inside a kind of greenhouse

[01:21.71]with the atmosphere around it acting 2 like the glass,

[01:27.22]letting sunlight in while keeping much of the warmth from get-ting out

[01:34.01]The atmosphere is essential to all liv-ing things

[01:39.42]Without it,the earth would be as cold and lifeless

[01:44.72]as the surface of the moon'.

[01:47.91]'The trouble is that our atmosphere is changing

[01:53.01]because we are pollut-ing it with chemicals

[01:56.40]- in the form of gases and it is keeping in too much heat!

[02:03.30]These gases, mainly carbon dioxide (CO2),

[02:09.59]are produced by burn-ing fuels such as petrol.

[02:14.69]The Greenhouse Effect may cause the level of the sea

[02:19.86]to rise and drown cities and even whole countries.

[02:26.65]Damage to the ozone 3 layer

[02:29.76]The writers tell us that 'ozone is a gas

[02:35.64]which occurs 20-50 km above the ground.

[02:41.33]It forms an essential protective 4 layer around the earth

[02:47.24]Without it,the sun would burn us up.'

[02:51.91]We are making holes in the ozone layer mainly by using chemicals called CFCs

[03:01.50]We use these in fridges and spray 5 cans

[03:06.70]and to make plastic items such as fast food boxes.

[03:13.41]Destruction of the rain forests

[03:17.20]The burning and cut-ting down of trees

[03:21.01]is making the Greenhouse Effect worse

[03:25.30]because trees take in CO2.

[03:29.89]It also causes erosion 6 of the soil and flooding,

[03:35.67]as well as destroying the people and animals

[03:40.45]who make the forests their home.

[03:44.05]Bad habits Many of our habits cause pollution

[03:50.95]especially our habit of using things once and then throwing them away

[03:58.76]This creates massive 7 mountains of rubbish.

[04:03.64]We do not know what to do with the rubbish

[04:07.72]and it pollutes our land and sea.

[04:12.00]For example, seven billion drink cans

[04:17.59]are thrown away in Britain each year.

[04:21.49]That is enough to reach from the earth to the moon.

[04:25.77]How can we save the earth?

[04:29.56]The book's idea is that we should become green consumers.

[04:36.14]That is, we should only buy and use things

[04:41.73]that do not damage the environment

[04:45.34]And we should buy only from companies

[04:50.32]that do not damage the environment either.

[04:54.22]LISTENING

[04:56.20]Page 5 and 6

[04:59.10]Understanding the sequence 8 of events

[05:02.60]Listen to the five short stories on the recording 9.

[05:07.41]For each story, look at the three pictures below and on page 6

[05:14.59]The pictures are in the wrong order.

[05:18.28]You must write 1, 2 and 3 to show the correct order

[05:24.78]in which the events happened.

[05:27.58]NO.1

[06:00.88]NO.2

[06:50.38]NO.3

[07:32.60]NO.4

[08:14.71]NO.5

[08:50.91]SPEAKING  Page10 and 11

[08:54.91]A Talk time Preferences and reasons

[09:01.60]When we express a pre-ference for something,

[09:06.38]we say we like it bet-ter than something else.

[09:10.58]Sometimes we give a reason why we prefer it.

[09:15.08]Exercise A1

[09:17.79]Arthur is in a res-taurant with Pansy.

[09:22.08]He is ordering some food and drinks.

[09:25.99]Read their conversa-tion and answer the questions.

[09:31.19]Then work in pairs to practise the conversa-tion.

[09:36.08]Let's have a drink,Pansy.They've got Coke milk, shakes, tea and coffee.

[09:44.59]Which would you prefer?

[09:43.59]I'd prefer a Coke.What about you?

[09:47.59]I'm going to have a hot coffee,

[09:50.70]I need something to warm me up. Waiter!

[09:56.29]One Coke and one coffee, please.

[09:59.79]MORE PRACTICE Page 15

[10:04.99]Pollution

[10:06.66]Pollution means contaminating 10 the Earth's environment

[10:12.54]with materials that harm people's health

[10:17.32]and lower their quality of life.

[10:19.72]Pollution can also harm animals and plants.

[10:24.03]There are many different forms of pollution.

[10:27.92]The three major groups are air pollution,

[10:32.23]land pollution and water pollution.

[10:36.41]Air pollution comes from many different sources

[10:40.99]not all of them are man-made.

[10:44.88]For example, dust storms in deserts

[10:49.47]and the smoke from forest fires are natural sources of air pollution.

[10:55.87]In urban areas, dirty air is more noticeable 11

[11:01.47]because of the fumes  from traffic and the waste from factories

[11:07.66]Air pollution can affect humans by caus-ing sore eyes

[11:14.34]and respiratory problems,

[11:17.35]especially in children and the elderly.

[11:21.76]Land pollution is caused by the deposit 12 of solid waste

[11:28.35](e.g., cans, bottles,plastic, etc.)

[11:34.64]that cannot be broken down quickly or at all.

[11:39.24]Land pollution can affect the lives of animals and plants

[11:45.12]and it makes the en-vironment look very bad.

[11:49.50]Recycling and reusing materials

[11:54.10]can help reduce the amount of land pollution.

[11:58.41]Other methods include landfill

[12:02.59]using the rubbish to make new land -

[12:06.48]and burning the rubbish

[12:09.28]but these two methods can pollute the water and air.

[12:15.29]Water pollution re-sults when substances that are released 13 into lakes

[12:23.39]rivers, oceans,etc. stay in the water or build up at the bottom.

[12:30.99]This form of pollution may also begin in the air if the air is polluted

[12:37.88]and causes acid 14 rain.

[12:41.17]When it rains,the rain will then pollute the water in lakes, rivers oceans, etc.

[12:48.59]Soil erosion is one example of natural water pollution

[12:55.18]and can cause problems if the soil blocks the flow of water

[13:01.68]and leads to flooding.

[13:03.98]Pollution from human sources includes chemicals,

[13:09.18]pesticids,waste from factories and human sewage.