延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用
时间：2019-01-04 作者：英语课 分类：英文语法词汇
英语课
(1)有一些动词是瞬间动词，也叫非延续性动词，这些动词一发生就结束了，常见的有：come, go, arrive, reach 2, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die 3, borrow 4, get up, become, open, stop等。这些动词虽然可以用于现在完成时(说明某个动作的结果还存在)，但由于它们不能延续，因此不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用。(也即现在完成时的第二个基本用法中不能使用非延续性动词)。
e 1.g. Jim has come back. (正) 吉姆已经回来了。
Jim has come back for a month. (误) come back的动作不能延续一个月，因此错误。
(2)瞬间动词不可以用于有段时间的现在完成时态中，因此，若要解决这一问题，就应把它改为相应的延续性动词或短语，主要有以下几种：
①用相应的延续性动词
如： buy → have borrow → keep come/go/become → be put on → wear catch a cold → have a cold ②转换成be+名词
如： join → be a member of go to school → be a student ③转换成be+形容词或副词
如： die → be dead 5 leave → be away begin → be on finish → be over fall asleep 6 — be asleep open → be open get up → be up close → closed 7 ④转换成be+介词短语
如： come to/go to/arrive in (at)/get to/reach …→ be in/at… join the army 8 → be in the army(军队)
e.g. I have borrowed 9 the book. 我已经借了那本书。
I have kept the book for two days. 我已经借那本书两天了。
Jim has joined the band 10. 吉姆已经加入那乐队了。
Jim has been a member of the band for a month. 吉姆已经加入那个乐队一个月了。
His grandfather has died 11. 他祖父已经死了。
His grandfather has been dead for 2 years. 他祖父已经死了两年了。
My father has arrived in China. 我父亲已经到达中国了。
My father has been in China for a week. 我父亲已经在中国一个星期了。
(3)在否定句中，非延续性动词也可以与时间段连用。
e.g. I haven’t borrowed books from the library since 12 last year. 自去年以来我就没有在图书馆借过书。
Jim hasn’t come back for a year. 吉姆已有一年没回来了。
n.英语字母表的第5个字母；C大调音阶中的第三音
- The "e" in " time" is a silent letter. time中的e不发音。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- You've made a mistake -- you've left out the letter e. 你出了一个错，把字母e 落了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
n.延伸，范围，河段；vt.到达，伸出，延伸，取得联系；vi.延伸
- The railway line will soon reach to our town. 铁路不久就要延伸到我们镇了。
- Can you reach that apple down in the tree? 你能把树上那个苹果摘下来吗？
vt.借，借入，借用；vi.借
- Can I borrow two books at a time?我可以一次借两本书吗？
- You can borrow this dictionary from the library.你可以从图书馆借到这本字典。
adj.死的；无生命的；死气沉沉的；adv.完全地
- Mary threw away the dead flowers.玛丽把枯萎的花扔掉了。
- He was dead asleep.他完全睡着了。
adj.睡熟了的，麻木的；adv.熟睡地
- The baby seems to be asleep.那婴孩好像是睡着了。
- My right foot is asleep.我的右脚麻木了。
adj.关闭的；封闭的
- He closed his eyes.他闭上了眼睛。
- He was out of work when the factory closed.他在工厂倒闭后失业了。
n.军队，陆军，正规军，野战军
- The army numbered four to five thousand at the start.这支军队开始才有四五千人。
- What is the total strength of the enemy army?敌军人数总共有多少？
adj.借来的
- I feel honor bound to repay the money I borrowed. 我觉得有责任归还我借的钱。
- I have left the watch as pledge for borrowed money. 我留下这块手表作为借款的抵押物。
vbl.死亡，消逝v.死亡，枯萎( die的过去式和过去分词 )；死时处于（某种状态）或具有（某种身份）adj.死亡的，消逝的
- He was banished to Australia, where he died five years later. 他被流放到澳大利亚，五年后在那里去世。
- He was utterly bereft when his wife died. 他的妻子去世时，他十分凄凉。
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现在完成时