时间:2018-12-29 作者:英语课 分类:孙子兵法


英语课

   九地篇 NO.6:


  凡为客之道,深则专,浅则散。
  去国越境而师者,绝地也;
  四通者,衢地也;入深者,重地也;入浅者,轻地也;背固前隘者,围地也;无所往者,死地也。
  是故散地,吾将一其志;轻地,吾将使之属;争地,吾将趋其后;交地,吾将谨其守;衢地,吾将固其结;
  重地吾将继其食,圮地,吾将进其途;围地,吾将塞其阙;死地,吾将示之以不活。
  故兵之情:围则御,不得已则斗,过则从。
  这句啥意思:
  在敌国境内作战的规律是:深入敌境则军心稳固,浅入敌境则军心容易涣散。
  进入敌境进行作战的称为绝地;
  四通八达的地区叫做衢地;
  进入敌境纵深的地区叫做重地;
  进入敌境浅的地区叫做轻地;
  背有险阻前有隘路的地区叫围地;
  无路可走的地区就是死地。
  因此,在散地,要统一军队意志;
  在轻地,要使营阵紧密相连;
  在争地,要迅速出兵抄到敌人的后面;
  在交地,就要谨慎防守;
  在衢地,就要巩固与列国的结盟;
  入重地,就要保障军粮供应;
  在圮地,就必须迅速通过;
  陷入围地,就要堵塞缺口;
  到了死地,就要显示死战的决心。
  所以,士卒的心理状态是:陷入包围就会竭力抵抗,形势逼迫就会拚死战斗,身处绝境就会听从指挥。
  英文这么说:
  When invading hostile territory, the general principle is,that penetrating 1 deeply brings cohesion;penetrating but a short way means dispersion.
  When you leave your own country behind, and take your army across neighborhood territory, you find yourself on critical ground.
  When there are means of communication on all four sides, the ground is one of intersecting highways.
  When you penetrate 2 deeply into a country, it is serious ground.
  When you penetrate but a little way,it is facile ground.
  When you have the enemy's strongholds on your rear,and narrow passes in front, it is hemmed-in ground.
  When there is no place of refuge at all, it is desperate ground.
  Therefore, on dispersive 3 ground, I would inspire my men with unity 4 of purpose.
  On facile ground, I would see that there is close connection between all parts of my army.
  On contentious 5 ground, I would hurry up my rear.
  On open ground, I would keep a vigilant 6 eye on my defenses.
  On ground of intersecting highways,I would consolidate 7 my alliances.
  On serious ground, I would try to ensure a continuous stream of supplies.
  On difficult ground,I would keep pushing on along the road.
  On hemmed-in ground, I would block any way of retreat.
  On desperate ground, I would proclaim to my soldiers the hopelessness of saving their lives.
  For it is the soldier's disposition 8 to offer an obstinate 9 resistance when surrounded,
  to fight hard when he cannot help himself, and to obey promptly 10 when he has fallen into danger.
  单句理解:
  在军事上,一般说来,深入敌国作战为“客”,在本土防御为“主”。孙子主张深入敌国腹地作战,他认为这样不仅能使士卒心智专一,听从指挥,而且还不至于被敌人击败。“为客之道”,就要寻找敌人防御的漏洞,乘机插入地方腹地攻其要害,控制地方指挥系统,变被动为主动,争取掌握战争主动权的谋略。尽量想办法钻空子,插脚进去,控制它的首脑机关或者要害部位,抓住有利时机,兼并或者控制他人
  为客之道包含以下几种含义:
  一、先发制人,变被动为主动。当我们处于被动或弱小的情况下,便积极采取首先发动进攻的方法来争取主动,制服对方。在军事上,一般情况都是“先发制人,后发制于人”,只有先下手,压制住对手,才能变被动为主动。
  二、转攻为守,变主动为被动。为“客”的远道而来,不仅会因长途跋涉而疲劳不堪,还会因远离根据地而供应困难。而被称为“主”的一方因为以逸待劳,则“饱有余”。如果我们原来是“客”方,为了改变这种不利的局面,就要变客为主。其方法是挑动敌人来向我进攻,而我们则转攻为守。这样一来,既达到了同敌人交战的目的,又将有利的条件留给我们自己,将不利的条件转给了对方。
  三、喧宾夺主,取代主任位置。就是在对方有机可乘的时候,先插进一只脚,然后慢慢地用力把对方挤出去,自己取而代之,称为其主任。
  四、兼并盟军,为自己所有。一般是接着援助盟军的机会,打入盟军内部,待站稳脚跟后,再步步为营,逐渐地支配和控制盟军,最后稳步顺手把大权夺过来,这是一个循序渐进的过程。
  另外在敌国富饶的地区作战,可以使军队获得充足的给养,从而为取得战争的胜利提供必要的保障。

1 penetrating
adj.(声音)响亮的,尖锐的adj.(气味)刺激的adj.(思想)敏锐的,有洞察力的
  • He had an extraordinarily penetrating gaze. 他的目光有股异乎寻常的洞察力。
  • He examined the man with a penetrating gaze. 他以锐利的目光仔细观察了那个人。
2 penetrate
v.透(渗)入;刺入,刺穿;洞察,了解
  • Western ideas penetrate slowly through the East.西方观念逐渐传入东方。
  • The sunshine could not penetrate where the trees were thickest.阳光不能透入树木最浓密的地方。
3 Dispersive
adj. 分散的
  • In many atomic fluorescence applications a non-dispersive optical system may be used. 在许多原子荧光法的应用中,可以采用非分散的光学系统。
  • The wave are of course dispersive. 当然这种波是弥散的。
4 unity
n.团结,联合,统一;和睦,协调
  • When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结,并非一团和气。
  • We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前,我们必须加强团结。
5 contentious
adj.好辩的,善争吵的
  • She was really not of the contentious fighting sort.她委实不是好吵好闹的人。
  • Since then they have tended to steer clear of contentious issues.从那时起,他们总想方设法避开有争议的问题。
6 vigilant
adj.警觉的,警戒的,警惕的
  • He has to learn how to remain vigilant through these long nights.他得学会如何在这漫长的黑夜里保持警觉。
  • The dog kept a vigilant guard over the house.这只狗警醒地守护着这所房屋。
7 consolidate
v.使加固,使加强;(把...)联为一体,合并
  • The two banks will consolidate in July next year. 这两家银行明年7月将合并。
  • The government hoped to consolidate ten states to form three new ones.政府希望把十个州合并成三个新的州。
8 disposition
n.性情,性格;意向,倾向;排列,部署
  • He has made a good disposition of his property.他已对财产作了妥善处理。
  • He has a cheerful disposition.他性情开朗。
9 obstinate
adj.顽固的,倔强的,不易屈服的,较难治愈的
  • She's too obstinate to let anyone help her.她太倔强了,不会让任何人帮她的。
  • The trader was obstinate in the negotiation.这个商人在谈判中拗强固执。
10 promptly
adv.及时地,敏捷地
  • He paid the money back promptly.他立即还了钱。
  • She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her.她立即抓住了因他不在场给她创造的机会。
学英语单词
aminobenzenethiol
Anchor fouled by the flukes!
ARPPRN
automatic lifting conveyor
automatic-alarm-signal keying device
azotises
babylonia lutosa
Baines, Mt.
baryta-green
Bernard Hinault
BPN
brace screw driver
cap-sleeves
chabris
checker-board method
chest breather
climbed the walls
codepage
colo(u)r TV transmitter
comanthina schlegeli
complex command
consequent divide
cressant
cross-filer
cubero
DCWV
De Voto, Bernard Augustine
declarative region
effective saving
elec-trogastrogram
electronic postmaster
endovaginally
environmental guideline
extensible markup language data
fanam
fica tax
filtering gain
financial relations
finger cymbal
flight-or-fight
fountain pen clip
front of column
frontal view
galois theories
glycosylated hemoglobin
grilled sliding door
Gutteit test
hairy tares
hard disk recorder
hospital automation
internal pore
international steam calorie
jackaroos
karstenite (anhydrite)
Kéléma
lidamine
low income threshold
luglio
lyre guitar
made a delivery
molar flow rate
near-surface low-velocity layer
non-saponifying fraction
operating rooms
organic foulant
papasan chair
particulate technology
perruque
Pilea glaberrima
pons cerebelli
Pseuderanthemum shweliense
put the lid on
pyrazoltane
radio-frequency drying
radio-frequency voltmeter
raining working
Ranvier
salt ammonoium
Seeed
Segeberg
semi-universal radial drill
SFR (system failure rate)
sighting line method
silver iodide seeding
ssrps
statement of confession
steel member
stokehold
sun-heat
telepathies
the TUC
trip wire
tzarevitch
upsell
verticity
visceral larva migrans
water project insurance
water-compressibility
workpiece steady
Wrangel Island
xanthorrhoea