有声读物《孙子兵法》第41期:第七章 军争(3)
英语课
军争篇 NO.3：
故不知诸侯之谋者，不能豫交；
不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者，不能行军；
不用乡导者，不能得地利。
故兵以诈立，以利动，以分和为变者也。
故其疾如风，其徐如林，侵掠如火，不动如山，难知如阴，动如雷震。
掠乡分众，廓地分利，悬权而动。
先知迂直之计者胜，此军争之法也。
这句啥意思：
所以不了解诸侯各国的图谋，就不要和他们结成联盟；
不知道山林、险阻和沼泽的地形分布，不能行军；
不使用向导，就不能掌握和利用有利的地形。
所以，用兵是凭借施诡诈出奇兵而获胜的，根据是否有利于获胜决定行动，根据双方情势或分兵或集中为主要变化。
按照战场形势的需要，部队行动迅速时，如狂风飞旋；行进从容时，如森林徐徐展开；攻城掠地时，如烈火迅猛；驻守防御时，如大山岿然；军情隐蔽时，如乌云蔽日；大军出动时，如雷霆万钧。
夺取敌方的财物，掳掠百姓，应分兵行动。开拓疆土，分夺利益，应该分兵扼守要害。这些都应该权衡利弊，根据实际情况，相机行事。
率先知道“迂直之计”的将获胜，这就是军争的原则。
英文这么说：
We cannot enter into alliances until we are acquainted with the designs of our neighbors.
We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country—its mountains and forests, its pitfalls 1 and precipices,its marshes 2 and swamps.
We shall be unable to turn natural advantage to account unless we make use of local guides.
In war, practice dissimulation 3, and you will succeed. Whether to concentrate or to divide your troops,must be decided 4 by circumstances.
Let your rapidity be that of the wind,your compactness that of the forest. In raiding and plundering 5 be like fire,is immovability like a mountain. Let your plans be dark and impenetrable as night,and when you move, fall like a thunderbolt.
When you plunder 6 a countryside, let the spoil be divided amongst your men; when you capture new territory,cut it up into allotments for the benefit of the soldiery. Ponder and deliberate before you make a move.
He will conquer who has learnt the artifice 7 of deviation 8. Such is the art of maneuvering 9.
白话分析
军争是指在军事行动中争取战场的主动，里面提到了迂直，其实就是指要延缓对方行动，加快自己的部署，率先进入战场有利位置。而其中行军就是很重要的一点。前面四句就是所谓“风林火山”，说的是“行军和攻守转换”。军队快的时候要如风一般，队伍要整齐。攻势的时候要像烈火一样猛烈，防守时应当像山一样巍然不动。这里体现出的是一种治军的严谨和将帅决策的果断。“掠乡分众，廓地分利，悬权而动”，后面三句讲的是攻城要分兵而进，防守要看准要害部属防守兵力。行军中只有权衡好利害关系才能在战争中取等先机！
1 pitfalls
（捕猎野兽用的）陷阱( pitfall的名词复数 )； 意想不到的困难，易犯的错误
- the potential pitfalls of buying a house 购买房屋可能遇到的圈套
- Several pitfalls remain in the way of an agreement. 在达成协议的进程中还有几个隐藏的困难。
2 marshes
n.沼泽，湿地( marsh的名词复数 )
- Cows were grazing on the marshes. 牛群在湿地上吃草。
- We had to cross the marshes. 我们不得不穿过那片沼泽地。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 dissimulation
n.掩饰，虚伪，装糊涂
- A habit of dissimulation is a hindrance, and a poorness to him. 在他这样的一个人，一种掩饰的习惯是一种阻挠，一个弱点。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Still we have our limits beyond which we call dissimulation treachery. 不过我们仍然有自己的限度，超过这个界限，就是虚伪与背信弃义。 来自辞典例句
4 decided
adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的
- This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
- There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
5 plundering
掠夺，抢劫( plunder的现在分词 )
- The troops crossed the country, plundering and looting as they went. 部队经过乡村，一路抢劫掳掠。
- They amassed huge wealth by plundering the colonies. 他们通过掠夺殖民地聚敛了大笔的财富。
6 plunder
vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠
- The thieves hid their plunder in the cave.贼把赃物藏在山洞里。
- Trade should not serve as a means of economic plunder.贸易不应当成为经济掠夺的手段。
7 artifice
n.妙计，高明的手段；狡诈，诡计
- The use of mirrors in a room is an artifice to make the room look larger.利用镜子装饰房间是使房间显得大一点的巧妙办法。
- He displayed a great deal of artifice in decorating his new house.他在布置新房子中表现出富有的技巧。
8 deviation
n.背离，偏离；偏差，偏向；离题
- Deviation from this rule are very rare.很少有违反这条规则的。
- Any deviation from the party's faith is seen as betrayal.任何对党的信仰的偏离被视作背叛。
9 maneuvering
v.移动，用策略( maneuver的现在分词 )；操纵
- This Manstein did, with some brilliant maneuvering under the worse winter conditions. 曼施坦因在最恶劣的严冬条件下，出色地施展了灵活机动的战术，终于完成了任务。 来自辞典例句
- In short, large goals required farsighted policies, not tactical maneuvering. 一句话，大的目标需要有高瞻远瞩的政策，玩弄策略是不行的。 来自辞典例句