时间:2018-12-26 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

在这一讲中我们要谈的话题是:Globalisation-全球化问题。


世界经济的全球化进程可以说每天都在悄悄地展开,使各国和各地区的经济越来越密切地结合在一起。那么,经济学家们对经济全球化有什么看法?全球化的进程是由什么力量推动的?它对各国经济的发展有什么积极和消极的影响呢?


在这一讲和下一讲中我们就要对这些问题作一些初步的探讨。


首先我们来听一段澳广金融节目主持人巴里克拉克关于全球化问题的谈话:


Few days go by without a mention of globalisation in the media. Whilst we are all aware that globalisation is affecting our lives, our attitudes to it differ widely.


For some, globalisation is the way to a better future, offering gains through specialisation according to comparative advantage and an opportunity for developing countries to raise their living standards.


On the other hand, critics hold globalisation responsible for a variety of social problems: for high unemployment in the industrialised world, for pressure on wage levels and for the present instability in financial markets.


巴里克拉克在谈话中提到这样一个词组:


comparative advantage 相对优势 - 这是英国古典经济学家大卫李嘉图提出的国际分工原则中的一个概念,即各国出口生产成本比其它国家低的产品,因为他们在这些产品上拥有相对优势。


巴里克拉克还使用了这样一些词汇:


1 living standard 生活水平
2 social problems 社会问题
3 instability 不稳定,动荡


下面我们分段听一遍巴里克拉克的这段谈话和中文翻译:(英文略)


新闻媒介几乎每天都会提到“全球化”。尽管我们都意识到全球化影响了我们的生活,但我们对全球化的看法却相去甚远。


有些人认为,全球化是通向更加美好未来的途径,通过“相对优势”论达成的专业化生产使各国获利,同时也为发展中国家提供了提高生活水平的机会。


另一方面,持批评看法的人认为全球化造成了一系列的社会问题,如工业化各国的高失业率、工资水平受到的压力以及目前金融市场的不稳定等等。


下面我们再完整听一遍巴里克拉克的这段谈话。(略)


那么到底是什么因素推动了全球化进程的快速发展呢?澳大利亚墨尔本莫纳什大学市场学系主任菲茨罗伊教授认为,通讯和交通费用的降低是主要的因素:


In 1945, if you had wanted to fly from Melbourne to London it would have cost you something like two years average industrial wages. If you want to do that in the late 1990s, it will cost you about three weeks average industrial wage. So there's been an enormous decline in transport cost.


What that means is that it maybe cheaper to produce a good in, let's say, the United Kingdom and ship it to Australia, rather than to produce it in Australia. So it changes the fundamental economics of the industry.


Another development that facilitates globalisation is the rise of communications. Historically again, distance has been a major impediment to the co-ordination and management of organisations. With the tremendous developments in both computing 1 and communications, cost has really declined substantially. Again, quoting some data, in 1930 a phone call from New York to London cost something of the order of $300, today it costs something like a dollar.


菲茨罗伊教授在谈话中提到这样一些词汇:


1 average industrial wages 平均行业工资
2 decline 下降,衰落
3 facilitate 推进,促进
4 impediment 妨碍,障碍
5 substantial 实质性的,重要的


下面我们分段听一遍菲茨罗伊教授的这段谈话和中文翻译:(英文略)


在1945年,如果你想从墨尔本飞到伦敦,飞机票的价钱大约等于两年的平均行业工资。但是到了一九九十年代末期,同样的机票只相当于三个星期的平均行业工资。因此交通运输费用已大大降低。


这意味着也许在英国生产某种产品再把它运送到澳大利亚比在澳大利亚生产还要便宜。所以它改变了工业经济学的基本原理。


促进全球化进程的另一原因是通讯的发展。再从历史上来看,距离一直是组织机构进行协调管理的一个主要障碍。随着计算机和通讯系统的巨大发展,通讯的费用也大幅度降低。我们再看看一些数据,1930年从纽约打电话到伦敦通常要花费大约三百美元,而现在大约只需要一块钱。


现在我们再完整听一遍澳大利亚墨尔本莫纳什大学菲茨罗伊教授的谈话。(略)


我们把这一讲中遇到的一些英文词汇再听一遍:


1 comparative advantage 相对优势
2 living standard 生活水平
3 social problems 社会问题
4 instability 不稳定,动荡
5 average industrial wages 平均行业工资
6 decline 下降,衰落
7 facilitate 推进,促进
8 impediment 妨碍,障碍
9 substantial 实质性的,重要的


在结束这一讲之前,我们再把澳广金融节目主持人巴里克拉克和澳大利亚墨尔本莫纳什大学菲茨罗伊教授关于经济全球化和推动这一进程的因素的两段谈话连起来听一遍。(略)


这次由澳洲广播电台中文部为您制作的金融世界节目到这里就结束了。
 



1 computing
n.计算
  • to work in computing 从事信息处理
  • Back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代(约1980年),他们就创办了软件公司。
学英语单词
acetyl starch
actio criminalis
alibi type transformation
alternative prey
anala
army antiaircraft artillery command
average wage index
bankcards
bishops tawton
boarded parquetry
Bol'shaya Pyssa
brandy fruit
breathing pattern
cavity reflecting element
Cerkno
Chernyshkovskiy Rayon
circular airgram
compensation authority
conciliatingly
consumption demand
corrosibility
current balance of payments
CustomDict
dauermodifications
DC reversible variable speed motor
Derris trifoliata
dynamic allotropy
endospore
erosional unconformity
extension hand wheel block
feedback regenerative
floating shears
Gauda
genomorph
godzill
Guinea-Bissau peso
half hatchet
high stretch yarn
hold sb in contempt
hypsometric equation
Interactive advertising
inventory reserves
iob schedule
jiggah
judgements of dismissal
junichi
keep ones fingers crossed
landscape management
lavado
Lewiston Orchards
lower homologue
magic cookie
mentigerous
minigolf
misnamer
missioneering
mold platen
moral relativism
more fool them
muscular flexor caudalis ventralis
namsen elv
natural-draft
Navarino, I.
noas
Nomocharis mairei
non function operation
nonargumental
nurses' contracture
packing fraction loss
peeleth
Peera Peera Poolanna L.
percentage reduction of diameter
plank sheathing
protensyl
purifaction
ragequits
range extension factor
recapturers
reciprocal variational problem
rhythmicons
rutherford prism
sapphire point
schools of medicine
shadow cell
sourpusses
Stenopelmatidae
stocbred
suppliantly
taper spindle
theocarcy
these
Tiguajada
torsional strain
traditional Hanzi
unregistered birth
unvizard
Viljandi
War Gedud
williams of wykeham
wrongheaded
Xuan An
zero-field nmr