科学美国人60秒 SSS Climate Change Might Shrink Fish
时间：2018-12-24 作者：英语课 分类：2017年Scientific American(九)月
Climate Change Might Shrink Fish
气候变化会迫使鱼类变小
As the world's oceans heat up, salmon 1 are migrating earlier. Plankton 2 are shifting their range. But warmer water temperatures also mean warmer fish—and faster-running metabolisms 4.
随着全球海洋升温，鲑鱼迁徙的时间也在提前，浮游生物也在变换生存范围。水温升高也意味着鱼类的体温变高，新陈代谢也变快。
\"Fish that are in water of higher temperature have a higher metabolic 5 rate, meaning they have to consume more oxygen." Daniel Pauly, a fisheries scientist at the University of British Columbia. "Because essentially 6 the whole metabolism 3, all the chemical reactions in your body, are accelerated."
“在温度较高的水中生存的鱼类，其新陈代谢率也会较高，而这意味着它们必须消耗更多的氧气。”英国哥伦比亚大学的渔业科学家丹尼尔·保利说道，“因为本质上，身体的新陈代谢即体内的所有化学反应都在加速。”
So, how about growing bigger gills to allow for more oxygen intake 7? Pauly did the physiological 8 math, and concluded that bigger gills won’t do the job. Because he says gills, being relatively 9 two-dimensional, simply can't keep up with the three-dimensional growth of the rest of a fish's body.
那么，通过长出较大的鱼鳃来增加氧气吸入量可好？保利就此进行了生理推算，得出结论是鱼鳃变大并不能达到这种效果。他表示，相对来说鱼鳃是二维的，因此它无法跟上鱼身其他部分的三维生长。
Instead, Pauly's calculations suggest that, to feed their increasing need for oxygen, fish of all kinds may actually shrink as a result of climate change. With decreased supply, they’ll need to lower demand. The study is in the journal Global Change Biology.
保利的计算表明，为了满足自身日益增长的氧气需求，鱼类们实际上反而可能会因气候变化而萎缩。随着供给减少，它们需要减少需求。这项研究发表在《全球变化生物学》杂志上。
One more detail bears mentioning: warmer water also holds less dissolved oxygen. "So the two effects, increased demand and the lowered supply are working towards making the fish smaller."
还有一个细节值得一提：较温暖的水温下含有的溶解氧也较少。“因此，在需求增长和供给减少的共同影响下，鱼类将朝着变小的方向发展。“”
Which means future fishermen might find a lot of lower-value small fry in their nets.
这意味着将来渔民们可能会在渔网中发现许多低价值的小鱼。
- We saw a salmon jumping in the waterfall there.我们看见一条大马哈鱼在那边瀑布中跳跃。
- Do you have any fresh salmon in at the moment?现在有新鲜大马哈鱼卖吗？
- Plankton is at the bottom of the marine food chain.浮游生物处于海洋食物链的最底层。
- The plankton in the sea feeds many kinds of animals. 海的浮游生物成为很多种动物的食物。
- After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食，卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
- All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.生物都有新陈代谢。
- Garden snails are evolving slower metabolisms. 花园蜗牛新陈代谢进化缓慢。 来自互联网
- Elite swimmers tend to be born with certain advantages, such as superefficient metabolisms. 精华的游泳者趋于与某个优点出生，例如superefficient新陈代谢。 来自互联网
- Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
- A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。
- Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
- She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
- Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
- There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。
- He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
- Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。
- The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
- The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。