时间:2018-12-24 作者:英语课 分类:Scientific American(九)月


英语课

 As a kindergarten teacher might say, sharing is caring. She might not mention that cooperation is also a great way to form a community and thus improve everyone's chances of survival. Humans aren't only ones to apply this strategy. Marine 1 bacteria also form cooperative populations according to a study in the Journal Science. Researchers examined the genomes of bacteria belonging to the Vibrionaceae family. In the lab, they grouped together bacteria with similar genetics that coexist in the same micro-habitat. The scientists expected that within any given population, individuals capable of producing antibiotics 2 would use these chemical weapons against others. But when they looked at interactions between different strains of Vibrionaceae, they found that only a few members of any given population could produce the bacteria-killing substances, and the rest of that community was resistant 3 to those particular compounds. But antibiotics could fight off foreign populations while leaving members of the home group unharmed. This arrangement implies a bacterial 4 social structure where individuals help the group as a whole. Crayon-hoarding toddlers might want to take note.



1 marine
adj.海的;海生的;航海的;海事的;n.水兵
  • Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
  • When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
2 antibiotics
n.(用作复数)抗生素;(用作单数)抗生物质的研究;抗生素,抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )
  • the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
  • The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。
3 resistant
adj.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的
  • Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
  • They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。
4 bacterial
a.细菌的
  • Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间,细菌繁殖加快了。
  • Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。
学英语单词
advanced order
Adzi
anionic site
antitrust law
aretz
artificial filtering material
auger point
autofocusses
auxiliary speed made good
auxiliary survey vessel
bathrips melanicornis
beggerweed
bird genus
Brixworth
cervicsl tubercies
Changhung
coldjunction
common osier
company property
constructive interference
consumer promotion
cross-stay
cyclochlorotine
cytoprotection
delete from
denastify
deuteromycetae
Dornhan
elliptical wire
emergency telex route
erythrai
event notification
experimental resorption effect
fact-checking
fale itemization of accounts
foreign protein
gaseous conduction rectifier
grieve
Growler Peak
Gujerat
half-stepping
handshaking protocol
harmonix
hemizygously
input-output interrupt
institor
intergranular precipitation
jfl
knurlizer
konstantinos
landaulets
laser induced photodissociation
life linesman
line probing
Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre
m.e.r.
mmw
neurosporaxanthin
niggerlovers
old-clothes-man
overflutter
Panama tree
partocracies
pass card
Patapsco formation
plumetis
point-source of light
Polygala fallax
prediction of pest density
proper fractions
radial scan
rayon-based carbon fiber
reformat
refraction law
reillustration
remilitarise
reversible circulation
rhino-horn
roller brushes
sea pigs
sea sand
shielding effictiveness
short stroke solenoid
silicone rubber insulation
sinoscope
somatotrop(h)ic(growth)hormone
sonned
sphenoidal fontanel
sphygmogram
status report frame
summary treatments
superhelical
supersurgeon
taut
Tokugawa Yoshimune
trade newspapers
twin inlet
tyrannosaur
universal instruments
unlawful conversion
ynn
yokemates