时间:2018-12-24 作者:英语课 分类:Scientific American(二)月


英语课

 This is Scientific American 60 second Science, I am Christopher Intagliata, got a minute?


 
It's no secret cigarettes can yellow your teeth. But tobacco smoke has another, unseen effect. It can wipe out the healthy bacteria in your mouth, leaving the field open for pathogenic bugs 1—like the kind that cause gum disease. So says a study in the journal Infection and Immunity 2
 
Researchers gave a complete dental cleaning to 30 volunteers, half of whom were regular smokers 3. Then, as bacteria moved back in, they took plague samples and sequenced the DNA 4 in those scrapings. And they found that non-smokers tended to have stable bacterial 5 communities, dominated by a few benign 6 species. That's good, because a healthy biofilm educates your immune system—preventing unnecessary attacks and inflammation—and it keeps bad bacteria at bay.
 
Smokers, on the other hand, had wildly transient populations, with species moving in and out—which opened up real estate for the bad bugs. Smokers also had higher levels of inflammation, which can destroy friendly bacteria, too. The researchers aren't sure yet why smoking

1 bugs
adj.疯狂的,发疯的n.窃听器( bug的名词复数 );病菌;虫子;[计算机](制作软件程序所产生的意料不到的)错误
  • All programs have bugs and need endless refinement. 所有的程序都有漏洞,都需要不断改进。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The sacks of rice were swarming with bugs. 一袋袋的米里长满了虫子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
2 immunity
n.优惠;免除;豁免,豁免权
  • The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
  • He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。
3 smokers
吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )
  • Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
  • Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。
4 DNA
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
5 bacterial
a.细菌的
  • Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间,细菌繁殖加快了。
  • Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。
6 benign
adj.善良的,慈祥的;良性的,无危险的
  • The benign weather brought North America a bumper crop.温和的气候给北美带来大丰收。
  • Martha is a benign old lady.玛莎是个仁慈的老妇人。
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Abelia schumannii
acne aggregata seu conglobata
agendize
Alnus rubra
antiphage
AOMA
apronfuls
aquatic life
associative programming language
astragalus adsurgens pallas
balance of probability
be chained to the oar
bellowfish
blepharadenitis
brake-shoe guide spring
Bufotalis
Burgkunstadt
capacitor start-run motor
capulin trees
caruncle
Casser's fontanelle
caxirolas
celebrity novel
change in market values
changeover condenser
characteristic set
common sea bass
constant sum method
cyclosprine
Cyphotheca
dangler
data definition
delaying action
derived series
dextransucrase
Dorr bowl-rake classifier
dynamic transient pool area
Einhorn's method
end pressure oil
engagement or employment
Euler polyhedron formula
euphoria didyma bl.
evacating
extream
Fiessinger-Leroy-Reiter
genus Leucothoe
get the ascendance
gethostbyaddr
Grey Pt.
head loss
highvelocity
illuminous
individual household
inertia term
iso-phthalaldehyde
isobutyl mercaptan
isometric perspective
Jean Francois Champollion
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leak-test
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lien for tax
light burn
Lithocarpus cryptocarpus
Mecosta County
medevacs
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receiving cashier
rolling stock damage
rook pawns
rotating service structure
San Andres
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solvest
space missions
Starbucksification
statical strain indicator
stropho-
subanal
Tenia choroidea
Toxorhynchites
transfer commission
Transfer Switches
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ventilation shaft
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