时间:2018-12-24 作者:英语课 分类:Scientific American(八)月


英语课

   The lone 1 wolf’s howl has long been chosen as a symbol of melancholy 2 and loss. Now researchers have demonstrated that the choice was accurate. Howling is not related to the stress level of the crying canine 3 or the dominance status of the departing wolf; the best predictor of a wolf’s howl is the closeness of the howler’s relationship with the wolf leaving its side. The study is in the journal Current Biology.


  The researchers separated individuals living in Austria’s Wolf Science Center. They recorded the resulting howls for 20 minutes after separation. Then the scientists took a sample of saliva 4 from the howling wolves to measure circulating levels of cortisol, a hormonal 5 stress indicator 6.
  Cortisol levels increased during all separations, whether a preferred partner or any other pack mate was taken away. But howling was much more pronounced when a close partner was removed
  The researchers thus concluded that the level of howling was determined 7 by the relationship of the howler with the separated wolf, regardless of the removed wolf’s rank. Because even a wolf, apparently 8, can have a best friend.

1 lone
adj.孤寂的,单独的;唯一的
  • A lone sea gull flew across the sky.一只孤独的海鸥在空中飞过。
  • She could see a lone figure on the deserted beach.她在空旷的海滩上能看到一个孤独的身影。
2 melancholy
n.忧郁,愁思;adj.令人感伤(沮丧)的,忧郁的
  • All at once he fell into a state of profound melancholy.他立即陷入无尽的忧思之中。
  • He felt melancholy after he failed the exam.这次考试没通过,他感到很郁闷。
3 canine
adj.犬的,犬科的
  • The fox is a canine animal.狐狸是犬科动物。
  • Herbivorous animals have very small canine teeth,or none.食草动物的犬牙很小或者没有。
4 saliva
n.唾液,口水
  • He wiped a dribble of saliva from his chin.他擦掉了下巴上的几滴口水。
  • Saliva dribbled from the baby's mouth.唾液从婴儿的嘴里流了出来。
5 hormonal
adj.激素的
  • Some viral diseases are more severe during pregnancy, probably tecause of hormonal changes. 有些病毒病在妊娠期间比较严重,可能是由于激素变化引起的。
  • She underwent surgical intervention and a subsequent short period of hormonal therapy. 他接受外科手术及随后短暂荷尔蒙治疗。
6 indicator
n.指标;指示物,指示者;指示器
  • Gold prices are often seen as an indicator of inflation.黃金价格常常被看作是通货膨胀的指标。
  • His left-hand indicator is flashing.他左手边的转向灯正在闪亮。
7 determined
adj.坚定的;有决心的
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
8 apparently
adv.显然地;表面上,似乎
  • An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽,豁然开朗。
  • He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
学英语单词
a double-edged sword
abutting plate
air bearing disk
all-seaters
aquae fluvialis
at hand
ATDLS
atrial drainage
automatic rudder control
be still of tongue
bear meat
biochemical interaction
blow off velocity
blown oxidized asphalt
boatload
brake control
calcium glubionate
Carlos the Jackal
Category 5
chapuys
chloracyl flouride
clue method
come in handy
conjunction matrices
consumption targets
cooperative principle
crank planer
depression storage
Didauk
diphenylarsine trichloride
dropped that
dry-cleaning machine
earps
effect of anti-zero inversion
elevate above the soil
file update kernel
fine division
foretopsails
geminella interrupta
half-circle protractor
harger
height indicator
helberg
hidi
hop-picking
hot-shift PTO
hyllor
impoliticness
inboard equipment
ingeniculate
intrapersonal
Koran thumper
Ladendorff's test
lead grid
Limarsol
loaned
lucidus
lycopodium powder
make a flight
margenau
Marshall,Thomas Riley
non-expired cost
notes receivable
ophthalmologic hospital
oven shell
overlap resistor film
overlay accuracy
oximes
packing of anterior naris
Paul Vernier
period of yolk formation period
prolactinoma
PS (packet switching)
rapid fixer
recessed portal
road rages
salvage suction hose
sasoun
searchable
seasoned mortgage
secondary septum
section right
selfexcitation
Shiga-Kruse bacillus
space-ground interface compatibility test
start failure alarm
steering government
student interpreter
swayest
tacha
tactical practial planning
take effect as from this day's date
The Place Where the Wrongdoing Ship Is Arrested
tregetry
turkey shoot
two way control chart
unified calibration of standard model
universal strength testing machine
upper bearing shell
venae nasofrontalis
virtual-work
wave suppression arrangement