时间:2018-12-24 作者:英语课 分类:Scientific American(八)月


英语课

   The lone 1 wolf’s howl has long been chosen as a symbol of melancholy 2 and loss. Now researchers have demonstrated that the choice was accurate. Howling is not related to the stress level of the crying canine 3 or the dominance status of the departing wolf; the best predictor of a wolf’s howl is the closeness of the howler’s relationship with the wolf leaving its side. The study is in the journal Current Biology.


  The researchers separated individuals living in Austria’s Wolf Science Center. They recorded the resulting howls for 20 minutes after separation. Then the scientists took a sample of saliva 4 from the howling wolves to measure circulating levels of cortisol, a hormonal 5 stress indicator 6.
  Cortisol levels increased during all separations, whether a preferred partner or any other pack mate was taken away. But howling was much more pronounced when a close partner was removed
  The researchers thus concluded that the level of howling was determined 7 by the relationship of the howler with the separated wolf, regardless of the removed wolf’s rank. Because even a wolf, apparently 8, can have a best friend.

1 lone
adj.孤寂的,单独的;唯一的
  • A lone sea gull flew across the sky.一只孤独的海鸥在空中飞过。
  • She could see a lone figure on the deserted beach.她在空旷的海滩上能看到一个孤独的身影。
2 melancholy
n.忧郁,愁思;adj.令人感伤(沮丧)的,忧郁的
  • All at once he fell into a state of profound melancholy.他立即陷入无尽的忧思之中。
  • He felt melancholy after he failed the exam.这次考试没通过,他感到很郁闷。
3 canine
adj.犬的,犬科的
  • The fox is a canine animal.狐狸是犬科动物。
  • Herbivorous animals have very small canine teeth,or none.食草动物的犬牙很小或者没有。
4 saliva
n.唾液,口水
  • He wiped a dribble of saliva from his chin.他擦掉了下巴上的几滴口水。
  • Saliva dribbled from the baby's mouth.唾液从婴儿的嘴里流了出来。
5 hormonal
adj.激素的
  • Some viral diseases are more severe during pregnancy, probably tecause of hormonal changes. 有些病毒病在妊娠期间比较严重,可能是由于激素变化引起的。
  • She underwent surgical intervention and a subsequent short period of hormonal therapy. 他接受外科手术及随后短暂荷尔蒙治疗。
6 indicator
n.指标;指示物,指示者;指示器
  • Gold prices are often seen as an indicator of inflation.黃金价格常常被看作是通货膨胀的指标。
  • His left-hand indicator is flashing.他左手边的转向灯正在闪亮。
7 determined
adj.坚定的;有决心的
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
8 apparently
adv.显然地;表面上,似乎
  • An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽,豁然开朗。
  • He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
学英语单词
adinazolan
Advanced Video Codec
aerospace cartography
American fried potatoes
An Nhon
anisotropous disk
awareness-trial stage
azoxodone
bast pulling
binary dump program
cement type binder
chalconoids
clockwise sence
colourcaster
convergent photograph
corn-stubbles
COWEAEX
creature of the age
D trains
d'nealian
Danner machine
de-mystified
decimeter tube
deck delivery
deep-water wharf
dermatokoniosis
distinguo
Dutra
E. j.
end tipping barrow
external humeral epicondylitis
Fakharpur
fexible unit
filchers
file control system
frame packing
gold-brown
Google Zeitgeist
grigging
gwauns
hexaferrite
Hinnφya
Hollywood ending
human blockheads
impotencies
in mistake for
intensity profile
kriyas
La Estancia, R.
Larksville
Ld.
left-hand side
lempel-ziv compression
maddening
Man alive
middle evolute
millbury
minimum visual angle
Mokhotlong
Moquegua
multiple myoma
non payment
nunclons
order mallophagas
papa stour i.
papers over
particle fluence rate monitor
peak axis location
people in system development
phenyltin tribromide
phosphoramidite
photo-optical device
phyllochlorite
preexponential
progressive-conservative
psalmistries
ramus pretrematicus
range of light-variation
reliability of design
routine organization
seam let-out
semi-conductive ceramics
server socket
shoe-shops
silver-leafed
slew line
slocking-stone
soft spring wheat
soviet russias
spheroidal-core nuclear model
Staedeler condenser
starbursting
test condition
thermal chemical test
thermoplastics type
three-toll bending machine
transformation rule
trap model
wicker
widick
working control
zaus