时间:2018-12-19 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   以前说过托福听力中的心理学题材,今天小新和大家来说说天文学这个遥远而神秘的话题。


  回顾2015年和2016年,天文学在托福考试听力的lecture中,一直稳稳地保持在第三高频的出现次数。有趣的是,在无数学生心中听力学科的困难指数排行里,天文学也一直稳稳地排在前列。又难又常考,那我们必须来和天文学lecture战个痛快了。
  难点一:学科词汇
  托福听力中的天文学lecture,覆盖的内容比较广,大致可以分为三类内容:
  天体
  可以是某一个比如TPO24-L4的Venus,还有TPO5-L2的Moon;也可以是某一类,比如TPO26-L3的comets,TPO13-L4的meteorites。
  天文学的现象和解释
  比如TPO2-L4的发现asteroid belt,TPO18-L1的sunspots,TPO21-L1的日心说地心说等。
  天文学 Plus
  就是天文学与其他学科的交叉话题,主要是探讨各类研究技术工具的话题,比如TPO19-L2的optical astronomy VS radio astronomy,也有一些与社会人类学相关的话题TPO14-L3讲seafarers and navigation。
  看到这里,有的同学心态已经开始崩了,就上面举例提到的这么几个词,就有好多不认识啊!绝望!
  这是遇到了天文学听力的第一个Boss-学科词汇。
  攻克方法
  背单词!
  这个问题的解决办法简单粗暴,就是背单词!在很多单词app比如乐词上,都可以找到词以类记分学科背单词的材料。背的时候不能只看文字,一定一定一定,要听单词的发音噢!
  难点二:背景知识
  第二个难点就是,除了天文学爱好者之外,很多学生还是对天文学有些陌生,背景知识有限。
  攻克方法
  看视频!
  这个问题的解决办法很舒服~~~就是看视频!bilibili上点击纪录片-宇宙,发现新世界,说不定你就爱上天文学啦!
  听力实战分析
  处理掉造成同学理解障碍的两个基础问题,我们继续回到天文学听力的分析上来。
  天文学lecture的主要内容有两个:
  第一、存在感满满的新名词
  一开头肯定向你扔出一个新名词或新名词词组,引出主题概念和描述解释。接着,通过举例、类比、对比、因果关系等,进行论证和分析。同时,在继续讲述过程中,还不断扔出新名词,时不时就又出现了新名词,猝不及防。
  攻克方法
  抓住两个问题不动摇!
  对待新名词,没法再依靠事先背单词的办法解决了。当同学们听到新名词的时候,不要慌,集中精神听,天文学一个lecture中提出3-4个新名词太平常了,读到这篇文章的你就可以做好心理准备,从容应对,边听边思考两个问题:
  1、新事物的特点是什么
  比如TPO30-L3。Jarosite is a yellowish brown mineral with a crystalline structure that’s also found on Earth. It contains iron, potassium and hydroxide. The interesting thing is that on Earth at least it needs highly acidic water to form. 对Jarosite这么长的一串描述,听完归纳一下,你觉得最主要的特点是什么呢?当然是need water to form。
  2、新事物的用途是什么
  TPO14-L3中,another technique used by the Polynesians was to look for a star pair, that’s two stars that rise at the same time, or set at the same time, and navigators could use these pairs of stars as reference points, because they rise or set together only at specific latitudes 1. So navigators might see one star pair setting together. And, uh…would know how far north or south of the equator they were. 除了听明白star pair在某个地方同升或同落之外,你有没有意识再关注一下star pair的用处?就是水手们用来估计与赤道距离的参考物。
  第二、几乎每篇必用的并列结构
  其实遇到天文学lecture也可以松一口气的方面就是结构清晰,这是由于并列结构的频繁使用。
  例子太多,真的几乎每篇都有。
  如TPO21-L1-Let me mention two objections Greeks made to Aristarchus’s theory. First…And second…
  更有的lecture整体就是一个并列展开,比如TPO22-L2,照例开头解释了新名词faint young Sun paradox 2之后,教授说Now, there have been several attempts to solve this paradox. 接下来说了解释一First, there was the greenhouse-gas solution. 然后解释二Another solution, which is proposed much later, was that perhaps the young Sun wasn’t faint at all, perhaps it was bright. So it is called the bright-young-Sun solution…全文脉络非常容易掌握,不会有听完很凌乱的现象。
  嗯,听懂天文学lecture的障碍确实比较多,不过大家再回头想一下,其实这些障碍的思维难度是低的,并不是思路复杂内容深奥。
  所以,天文学lecture里,没什么障碍是不能靠付出些精力解决的。托福少年们加油~~~

1 latitudes
纬度
  • Latitudes are the lines that go from east to west. 纬线是从东到西的线。
  • It was the brief Indian Summer of the high latitudes. 这是高纬度地方的那种短暂的晚秋。
2 paradox
n.似乎矛盾却正确的说法;自相矛盾的人(物)
  • The story contains many levels of paradox.这个故事存在多重悖论。
  • The paradox is that Japan does need serious education reform.矛盾的地方是日本确实需要教育改革。
标签: 托福听力
学英语单词
Alpine type of glacier
androstenediol-17-one
antisymmetrical state
aptoes
beats my brains out
blind target acquisition
break-in
brown shirt
buncher cavity
cathophorite (brabantite)
chambered spirit level
chemical sense
chloranilamidic acid
code transparent data communication
combat pack
common-collector amplifer
communications service
contaminating radio-activity
Dermagraphy
diaminonaphthotriazole
distributivism
double disc grinding machine
DPC (disk pack control)
Dummy Shareholder
enfields
fibre-network yarn
field brome
filled discharged cell
flea-brained
forced circulation furnace
fragmentation of hepatic cell cords
function routine
gas pumps
gasoline-engine
gaydom
gi-t
Gourimanohari
growing degreeday
heat labile
hock money
hypercarbia
inanite
inseins
intellectually
IronRuby
isotope farming
Karasuk
land-settlement
load reaction brake
lunchmates
marssonia pitebtukkae (desm.) fischer
metrocentre
mindens
miscodifies
mountain meal
multifurcations
Nahuel Niyeu
near by
Ngoto
Niltubin
nonunimodular
nordrhein-westfalens
nutrient depletion
open discharge
Ornäs
outer coil
pantest
partagas
pectin methylesterase
per capita dose equivalent
peripheral joint
Pfahlheim
pfhsp
pneustocera
polyphemid
ran off the rails
receiving telescope
reed marks
rhyparography
rupture of corpus luteum
saw (surface acostic wave) device
screw up something
sea inlet cock
separately excited phase advancer
Sheep-fold
sheet(slab)structure
single-coil
subcapsular splenectomy
surface-measuring instrument
swatche
taxsavings
Thompson, Cape
to be used to
trophoblast emboli
uncleared effects
unrequest
vagina lips
valid program name
venesection
water soluble nutrient
waveguide-resonator laser
whibibbe