时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:阅读空间


英语课

   大家都知道听力在整个四级考试当中的重要性,因此很多四级听力材料或有关技巧训练的书上都在给学生们提出的一些建议中,提醒学生们先利用考试开始前的几分钟时间将所给的选项浏览一遍,根据选项推测题目,听的过程中要注意一些关键词、短语的意思,要特别注意第二个人说话时的语气和语调等等。但是这些都是一些泛泛之谈。笔者在帮助自己的学生备战四级中发现考


  生对听力理解中第一部分比较自信,这一部分的十个对话占了听力总分的一半,而且又最容易得分,但是笔者发现每次考试中总有一些难句,影响了考生的发挥。本文将往年四级的考题和现有的四级模拟题的听力理解部分中的一些难句总结如下,希望能对正在备战四级的学生们起到一些帮助。
  虽然对话的提问一般都是针对对话中出现的一些细节,但是对于文章句意的把握也是很重要的,可以使考生避免犯大的错误。四级对话中往往有一些句子意思很难把握,归咎其原因多数是因为其句型特殊,尤其是那些听起来是肯定,但真实意思却是否定以及外表是否定但却表达肯定意思的句子。
  一、形肯定意否定的句型:
  1、I'd like to/I 'd love to,but...。表否定,重点放在but后面。如:
  —The students'English club is havinga party on Saturday night.Can you come?
  —I would like to,but I work at a restaurant on weekends.(1990年1月)
  又如:
  —Shall we eat in the school dining-room tonight?
  —I'd like to,but the Western food doesn't agree with me.Let's go to a Chinese
  restaurantfor a change.
  2、使用虚拟语气的句子。在很多四级听力考试试题当中,经常采用虚拟语气,这些句子形式上是肯定的
  ,但往往表达一种“本应该,本可以(却没有),希望”的情绪,放在一定的语言环境中表否定。而这一
  点也是考生常忽略的,要特别注意。如:
  —If the traffic wasn't so bad,I could have been home by 6:00.
  —What a pity!John was here to see you.(1990年1月)(意思是如果早到家的话,就可以见到约翰
  了,但是事实是因为交通堵塞,没能及时回家)
  又如:
  —Do you like physics?
  —Well,I wish it were interesting.(意思是事实上物理一点也没有趣)
  —I need a bike today,but mine has a flat tyre.
  —I'm sorry to hear that.I would have lent you if Bill hadn't taken it away.(意思是不能借
  给你)
  3、I'm sorry,...。这种句型是委婉的否定,其后一般接原因。如:
  —Hello,may I speak to John Smith, please?
  —I'm sorry,nobody by that name works 1 here.(1990年1月)(意思是说没有叫约翰·史密斯的人)
  4、由形容词last构成的特殊句型。这种结构的字面意思是“……是最后一个”,但真正的意思是“……
  是最不可能的”。如:
  —Would you like to go mountain climbing with us?
  —That's the last thing in the world I want to do.(字面意思是爬山是这世界上我最后想做的事
  ,反过来讲就是根本不想去爬山)
  —I heard Tom was the man who robbed Mr.Smith's house.
  —But I think he is the last one to do sucha thing.(意思是他根本不可能做这件事)
  5、anything but句型。此句型在四级考试中语法与结构部分考过,如果出现在听力理解部分,应该来说
  比较难,但是如果我们掌握了它的基本意思“除……以外的任何事物”或“根本不”,并在听的过程中多
  加小心的话,还是可以做对的。如:
  —Everyone is helping 2 out with dinner. Could you make the soup?
  —Anything but that.(意思是我不可能做汤)
  6、由一些特殊短语构成的句型。这种短语很多,因此就需要学生平时不断地积累,这里笔者举两个短语
  为例:
  —You're not much of a rock and roll fan, are you?
  —It's far from being my favorite kind of music,that's for sure.(这里的be far from短语意
  思是“远非”,可理解为“这根本不是我所喜欢的音乐”)
  —Can you possibly lend me $10until pay-day?
  —It's out of the question.(这里整个对话的理解就取决于对out of the question这个短语的理解
  ,而通过以往的知识我们知道它的意思是“不可能的”,因此这里应理解为“我不可能借给你”。)
  二、形否定意肯定的句型:
  1、Why don't you/Why not...?这种句型相对来说比较简单,意思是“为什么不呢?”,但我们还
  是应该注意它真正表达的是一个肯定概念,即“建议做某事”。如:
  —John,I don't know what to get for your father.He has just about everything,doesn't he?
  Do you have any suggestions?
  —Why don't you get him a pocket calculator 3?(1990年6月)
  2、Do you mind...?问句的回答用No, of course not.或者Not at all.。虽然字面上是否定的,
  而且也理解为“不介意”,但考虑到具体的语境,通常都应理解为肯定的,意思是对方可以做其想做的。
  如:
  —Do you mind if I borrow your note?
  —No,of course not.They are on my desk.(1994年1月)(从侧面讲可以使用)
  3、not...until...句型。此句型一般都应理解为“直到……才”,因此是肯定的。如:
  —When can the doctor see me?
  —He won't be free until tomorrow.(1995年1月)(意思是直到明天才能见你)
  4、not...more/better构成的特殊句型。
  此句型意思是不可能有比这样更好的情况发生了,反过来讲就是指这样很好,说者对此表示赞许,所以此
  句型仍然表示的是肯定意思。如:
  —I think it's high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk 4 driving now.
  —I can't agree with you more.You see countless 5 innocent 6 people are killed by drunk drivers
  each year.(1997年6月)(意思是说后者非常同意第一人的观点)
  —How is your business,Bob?
  —Sales have never been better.(意思是说生意相当不错)
  5、Without a doubt;Don't mention it;No problem等作为回答的否定句型。这些我们常用的作为回答
  的句型,其实在语境中通常是用作肯定的回答,意思是“没问题”,肯定是这样的。如:
  —Do you think we have to review the chapter of Industrial Revolution?
  —Without a doubt,it will be on the exam.
  —Do you think you could have this skirt ready by Thursday morning?
  —No problem.You can come and fetchit.
  6、由一些除not和never之外的否定词如hardly,seldom ,scarcely,rarely等构成的句型。这种句型其
  实本身就应归结为否定句,但笔者将其放到这里是想强调这些句子如果出现在听力理解当中,学生经常容
  易疏忽这些词的否定意思,因此需特别留意。如:
  —What a surprise!Tim has improved his English so much after a holiday abroad.
  —I can hardly hear an accent.(意思是几乎听不出有任何地方口音)

1 works
n.作品,著作;工厂,活动部件,机件
  • We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
  • The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。
2 helping
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
3 calculator
n.计算者,计算机
  • Don't forget to bring your calculator that day.那天你可别忘了带计算器。
  • I totaled my expenses with a calculator. 我用计算器算出开支的总金额。
4 drunk
adj.醉酒的;(喻)陶醉的;n.酗酒者,醉汉
  • People who drives when they are drunk should be heavily penalised.醉酒驾车的人应受重罚。
  • She found him drunk when she came home at night.她晚上回家时,经常发现他醉醺醺的。
5 countless
adj.无数的,多得不计其数的
  • In the war countless innocent people lost their lives.在这场战争中无数无辜的人丧失了性命。
  • I've told you countless times.我已经告诉你无数遍了。
6 innocent
adj.无罪的,清白的;无害的;天真的,单纯的
  • I'm not quite so innocent as to believe that.我还不至于简单到相信那种事的地步。
  • I was very young,and very innocent.我那时非常年轻,幼稚无知。
标签: 四级听力
学英语单词
accretion of discount
AH (available hours)
Ajofrin
allowable pressure differential
alpine lichen
alseis
amorpho-
B/W camera
bagses
big bad (wolf)
bimco
bite the hands that feeds one
boron meter
brassaiopsis speciosa dcne.et planch.
buckhalt
C-mount
carrot cakes
Cherokee Indian Reservation
chloroethylbenzene
circuit section
comet-like
compactibility
connection machine
Cortiphate
cytosine deoxyriboside (dC,dCyd)
data entry electronics unit
dearely
Depromic
dial type thermometer
Dominici stain
drunken cutter
dual transistor
Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
element 104
embryo abnormality
endothoracic femoral
equant subhedral
equilibrium sensation
eurams
exacerbation of disease
fervourless
fleets-of-foot
flying drum printer
foliar analysis
fore-edges
genealogical libraries and collections
goldcups
graphite bridge
have in estimation
Hekate
Holmes-Adie syndrome
hydroxybenzaldehyde
JavaStation
journalls
kenstavicius
knotmeter
letter press plate
locked-in capital gains
low pressure vessel
lumped-circuit
Mach regionwave
machine winding
Malerba's tests
malignant papilloma
Mamey, R.
matrix cells
Maymyo
monophagous animal
movable vertebrae
nth order reaction
nubilest
oblique cross-slider
octadecenoyls
palladium dioxide
periodic cutting-area
piece wage
procurator fiscals
produce reason
ranthambhore
Reichstag
remex
resio
Sarysu
satoh
semi-elastic subgrade
seven-segment driver
shock refrigeration
sieve size
signal-to-deviation ratio
situational leadership model
Smith triaxial method
southbands
spinning jenny
subject to stem
tacitness
tenon making machine
tensio-active agent
understandable
underwater ranging battery
unheritable
vanikoro cacellata
water pollution chemistry