时间:2018-12-15 作者:英语课 分类:新东方现代文背诵篇章


英语课

Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.


Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800’s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of venerable colleges-----Harvard, Yale, Columbia---and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty 1. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote 2 were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor’s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment 3, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, analyze 4, and conduct their own research.


At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted 5 curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric 6, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed 7 to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists 8, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.



1 faculty
n.才能;学院,系;(学院或系的)全体教学人员
  • He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
  • He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。
2 rote
n.死记硬背,生搬硬套
  • Learning by rote is discouraged in this school.这所学校不鼓励死记硬背的学习方式。
  • He recited the poem by rote.他强记背诵了这首诗。
3 attainment
n.达到,到达;[常pl.]成就,造诣
  • We congratulated her upon her attainment to so great an age.我们祝贺她高寿。
  • The attainment of the success is not easy.成功的取得并不容易。
4 analyze
vt.分析,解析 (=analyse)
  • We should analyze the cause and effect of this event.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
  • The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.老师设法分析我们失败的原因。
5 constricted
adj.抑制的,约束的
  • Her throat constricted and she swallowed hard. 她喉咙发紧,使劲地咽了一下唾沫。
  • The tight collar constricted his neck. 紧领子勒着他的脖子。
6 rhetoric
n.修辞学,浮夸之言语
  • Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗?
  • Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后,他和军队的关系岌岌可危。
7 heed
v.注意,留意;n.注意,留心
  • You must take heed of what he has told.你要注意他所告诉的事。
  • For the first time he had to pay heed to his appearance.这是他第一次非得注意自己的外表不可了。
8 economists
n.经济学家,经济专家( economist的名词复数 )
  • The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
  • Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》
学英语单词
a box
absolute black body
acid-free oil
Alemeth
aphideine
argentum bromatum
articulated gear
average length of generation
Balmeisporites
BASF
battles of wake
broth dilution method
cable-driven car
callogobius flavobrunneus
cargo handling by derrick
chipies
clathrins
cottage roof
critical-thinking
cytheropteron rectocostum
diagonal shore
domines
environmental epidemiology
esto
f(a)ecal e. coli
fenderheads
foreign element
gcsf
gill epithelium
GroEL14
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff
gymnanthera
head settling time
heavy-liddeds
hereditary death
horned screamers
hygh
IGG2
in great haste
in line code
incense-boat
income statement ratio
inventory reserves
irini
Issia
jean twill
jury-box
Krasnovia longiloba
lagging voltage
Langevatn
Leucothoe fontanesiana
mass-spectrometries
materials cosy analysis
Microstegium somae
nemchinov
nettlerashes
non-human
Novovladimirovka
olfactory cell
one-sixteen
opportunity of being heard
overrunners
paid holiday
party pills
peep-show
picofarad
qualitative characteristic
quality control form
raspberrying
regular alumina
Robertson test
Saund.
Scetion
secularists
Seminole Wars
Serengeti National Park
serrate serrated
service damage
service request output
shawirma
sliding surface bearing
step by step procedure
student-visa
subtrace
Sunday school
taken pains
Thames
the shape of things to come
Toprakkala
troycht
tumbler spring
two speed controller
unit development file
us value
vangueria edulis
ventilation duct spacer
visual-motors
wait_flags
waitpeople
Web Application Security Consortium
wickiup
zinclavendulan