时间:2019-02-13 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

  一、分析文章的结构规律


  一般来说,我们阅读文章的目的是为了获取信息。文章体裁不同,其结构特点就会各异。因此,我们获取信息的最有效方法之一就是去学习和了解文章的结构,以便更加准确、快速地定位我们要找的信息。
  大学英语四级考试中的阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类:叙述文、说明文和议论文。下面我们结合2000年12月份的大学英语四级考试真题来具体说明如何利用文章的结构特点来达到阅读的目的。
  1、叙述文
  叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主,对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中,或顺序或倒序。但是四级考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文,因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂。所以四级考试中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。这类文章的基本结构模式是:
  1) 用一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历
  2) 叙述先前的经历及其感悟或发现
  3) 叙述接下来的经历及其感悟或发现
  4) 做出总结或结论
  2000年12月四级考试阅读理解的第二篇就是这样的结构。我们可以将其结构简化为:
  1) 总括性的话:
  Engineering students are supposed to be example of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool.
  2) 先前的经历或想法
  In high school I wanted to be ……,but I didnt chose a college with a large engineering department.
  3) 往后的经历
  I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university for a broad education
  4) 接下来的经历
  I headed off for sure that I was going to have an advantage over others.
  5) 再下来的经历
  Now I am not so sure. …… I have learned the reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.
  6) 结论
  I have realized that the struggle to reconcile the study of engineering and liberal-arts is difficult.
  只要理解了这类文章的结构特点解答问题就相当简单,因为这类文章后的阅读理解试题大多是和文章的内容先后顺序一致的细节题。
  2、说明文
  说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即:提出问题---- 发现直接原因----- 分析深层原因-----得出结论或找到出路。
  2000年12月四级考试阅读理解第三篇就是这样的一篇文章。
  1) Priscilla Ouchuidas energy-efficient house turned out to be a horrible dream. …… a strange illness.
  2) Experts finally traced the cause of her illness.
  3) The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution,….
  4) The problem appears it be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones.
  知道了类似的文章结构特点,就可以据此来进行考题预测。比如,我们看出了该篇文章属于这种结构类型,就能判断出几个问题中肯定有一个要问原因,还有可能要出现推断题。
  3、议论文
  我们大家最容易辨认出来的议论文模式是主张---反主张模式。在这一模式中,首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点,然后进行澄清,说明自己的主张或观点,或者说提出反主张或真实情况。1996年1月大学英语四级考试阅读理解第四篇就是这样的结构。
  文章的开始提出某college teacher认为:High school English teachers are not doing their jobs . 因为 His students has a bad command of English.
  的反观点是:
  1) It is inevitable 1 for one generation to complain the one immediately following it. And it is human nature to look for reasons for our dissatisfaction.
  2) The people who criticize the high school teachers are not aware that their language ability has developed through the years.
  最后的结论是:The concern about the decline and fall of the English language is a generation, and is not new and peculiar 2 to tadays young people.
  议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是观点态度题,文章主旨题以及推理判断题。只要发现了这种结构特点,解答问题的主要任务就变成了到段落内找答案, 基本上不存在任何困难。
  通过研究以上的文章结构特点,我们不难发现,在四级考试阅读理解中无论任何体裁的文章都遵循着这样一个共同的模式:提出话题---- 用事例分析原因------得出结论。 对文章结构特点的把握有助于读者更加自觉地关注文章的开始和结尾,分清观点和事例,从而在四级考试的阅读理解中准确定位,快速答题。
  二、 巧妙绕开生词
  我们这里所说的巧妙绕开生词的方法和上面分析文章结构特点的思路是统一的,也就是说,只要我们从总体上把握了文章,不用认识每一个单词也能照样理解整篇文章。
  1、英语文章中不是所有的词的功能都是同等的,有些词担负着传达主要信息的功能,而有些词主要起语法作用或者它所传达的信息和下文的其他信息没有联系。这类词有:表示人名,地名,机构名等专有名词。遇到这些词,只要我们能辨认出它是专有名词,就能理解文章而不必知道它的意思。比如在下面的句子中:In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,theres even a prohibition 3 against admitting we need sleep. 两个引号之间的部分就不必去管它。类似的还有:We have to totally change our attitude toward napping, says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University,the godfather of sleep research.

adj.不可避免的,必然发生的
  • Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
  • The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。
adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的
  • He walks in a peculiar fashion.他走路的样子很奇特。
  • He looked at me with a very peculiar expression.他用一种很奇怪的表情看着我。
n.禁止;禁令,禁律
  • The prohibition against drunken driving will save many lives.禁止酒后开车将会减少许多死亡事故。
  • They voted in favour of the prohibition of smoking in public areas.他们投票赞成禁止在公共场所吸烟。
标签: 口语
学英语单词
3-Methoxybenzaldehyde
a-a-a
A. E. R.
abbo
accidental bodily injury
amend the terms of the letter of credit
antimetaphysical
antiseptical
aphanesite (clinoclase)
astigmatism interval
asymptotic behaviour
axis of a curve
bandwidth reservation
baumlerite
be different in
biodad
borehole photo
bort(boort)
carborundum disk
carpotarsal
carrierless amplitude phase modulation
chair-table
cheilopogon cyanopterus
cleaning paper
colour coded computer memory
Coulomb integral
counts among
crues
declarant
double flanged bott joint
DVD-RW drive
electoralism
electric control system
electric level
enfeebler
equilibristic
Erythrosuchus
ethyl petrol
exchange profit worksheet
floogy
furnace cupola
holisopic
iekozid
imitative accompaniment
infront
intrinsic ionization
Kent's Cavern
kiss of peace
kit locker
larch trees
leading edge extending
Mazdaism,Mazdeism
meawls
mge
msconfig
music library
nestorids
New Economy
on net
open tube
oreas maritina (hopp et hornsch) brid
pair royal
Paris dulongensis
peak amplification
photoelectric indicator
pilotaxitic texture
pinery
plummy
podmore
production intensity
programmable interrupt
purified meningococcal vaccine
pyraseptic
rear-most axle
rod locking mechanism
rubber-resin alloy
rudolf i
ruppe
salle de jeu
sampling servo-mechanism
sectionalism
single particle energy
slambooks
southern wood
sparking of brushes
splint wood
spring a surprise on sb
start-stop apparatus
startuppers
steam reheating in nuclear reactor
step crushing
sun-dial
telemetering amplifier
tongue map
tonika
Trans World Airlines, Inc.
trapezohedral tetartohedrism
universal-joint casing
urengois
valve check
visual aphasia
zero restoring ability