时间:2019-02-13 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读


英语课

   如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度,不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练,希望大家都有进步While having a meal with his wife in his home town of Utica in 2007, the pollster John Zogby struck up a conversation with his 20-year-old waitress about privacy, social networking and YouTube. He asked what limits she set on what she would reveal online.


  struck up 使开始;建立起
  set limits on 对……加以限制
  reveal 展现;显示;揭露
  "My boobs," she said. "but only on Halloween, and only for my friends.""Well," answers Zogby, in account from his book The Way We'll Be. "I'm your friend today, but tomorrow I might not be. Can you stop me from sharing your, um, breasts, with the rest of the world, or with the company you're hoping will hire you?""No," she replies, "but so many of us do this in one form or another that employers are just going to have to adjust or they won't have anyone to hire."As Spring Break draws to a close, the question of what belongs in the public realm and whom it affects becomes agonisingly pertinent 1 to thousands of undergraduates across the country. Spring Break is the annual, formal Bacchanal: the riotous 2, alcohol-drenched recess 3 that launches scores of "Girls Gone Wild" videos, clogs 4 toilets with condoms and beachside boardwalks with vomit 5 and updates millions of Facebook pages.
  Spring Break 春假
  public realm 公共领域
  pertinent adj. 切题的;中肯的
  recess n. 1. [C,U]休息;休会;休庭 2. [C,U]【美】学校的假期;课间休息 v. [T] 1. 把...放在隐蔽处 2. 使凹进,使有凹进处But five years after Zogby's conversation, people seem to be recalibrating their limits. A report in the New York Times last month suggested an inhibition descending 6 on Spring Break this year. "They are very prudish 7," said one bartender in Key West. "They are so afraid everyone is going to take their picture and put it online. Ten years ago, people were doingfilthy, filthy 9 things, but it wasn't posted on Facebook." It's a shame they are not having as much as they did or would like to (I'm assuming here that "filthy" is also fun), but if the price for having "filthy fun" is that it is broadcast to anyone who wants to see it, and many who don't, then it's clearly not a price worth paying.
  recalibrate v. 重新刻度;再校准
  prudish adj. 古板的;装正经的;过分规矩的assume vt. 1. 以为;假定为;(想当然地)认为 2. 承担;就任;取得 vi. 1. 装腔作势 2. 多管闲事There are limits to how much candour we can take or expect. With the exception of those in the most intimate parts of my life, I don't really want to know everything that people think about me. Nor do I want to know everything I think about them, or share it. A certain amount of artifice 10 is necessary if we're all going to get through the day.
  candour n. 率直;正直;公平
  artifice n. 技巧;巧妙;诡计
  Increasingly, however, it feels as though those limits are being constantly breached 12, either voluntarily, accidentally, by force or by cunning. With blogs, tweets, webcams, Facebook and YouTube, there is always a mic or camera somewhere and it is always running. Our personal diaries have become an open book. The era in which we might reasonably expect to enjoy a conversation that is both discrete 13 (separate, apart and autonomous) and discreet 14 (cautious, unobtrusive and delicate) has passed. For the moment at least, we are all living our lives in public.
  breach 11 n. & v. 违反;破坏
  The personal fallout from all of this is clear and go beyond mere 15 embarrassment 16. Take Tyler Clementi, the 18-year-old Rutgers student who committed suicide after his roommate, Dharun Ravi, set up a camera in his room to watch Tyler in a gay sexual encounter. Later, Ravi would try the same again and tweet about it to his 150 followers 17. In the past, such homophobia would have gone no further than malicious 18 gossip – vicious, hurtful and wrong, certainly. But in all likelihood, it would not have been as devastating 19 to Clementi's self-respect – and possibly with less fatal consequences. Throughout the western world, teenagers – particularly, young women – are routinely humiliated 20 by having their indiscretions recorded and sent out to the world.
  go beyond 超出;胜过
  devastating adj. 毁灭性的;破坏性的
  fatal adj. 致命的;毁灭性的
  But there are political ramifications 21, too, even if the consequences of these are less clear-cut. On the one hand, it forces elites 22 out into the open where their deliberations and pronouncements might be judged against their actions. There are clearly benefits to this. The truly awful thing about the incident between then UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown and Gillian Duffy shortly before the last election was not just that he referred to her as "that bigoted 23 woman" when he was in his car and didn't know the microphone was on. It was that only minutes before, he had told her she was "a very good woman [who had] served the community" when he did know they were on. That gave credence 24 to the popular perception that the political class held voters in contempt. The problem wasn't that he got caught, it was that he did it in the first place.
  hold in contempt 对……不屑一顾;轻视
  Left there, however, and what we have is not more openness, but more gaffes 25. Obama and Sarkozy deriding 26 Binyamin Netanyahu, and Obama blabbing his post-election strategy for Russia, or Tony Blair's cringeworthy "Yo, Blair" encounter with George Bush at the G8. Entertaining and illustrative, certainly, but rarely more than that.
  But on-mic embarrassment is not the whole story: the revelation of serious information that our rulers would rather we did not have can be compelling. WikiLeaks provides a good example. By redistributing information from the US government to the world, it gave the public an unprecedented 27 insight into US diplomacy 28. Interestingly, most of what it revealed we might have guessed. But once it was out there, it was difficult for officialdom to deny it and one could argue that these were not their secrets to keep.
  redistribute vt. 重新分配;再分配
  So far, so good. But there is a price we pay for this exposure that more than rivals the regretful blushes of a bare-breasted waitress at Halloween. The net effect will also be that, in future, US diplomats 29 will be less forthright 30 in offering honest opinions to their bosses for fear those opinions might one day be leaked and create an incident. So, by leaking confidential 31 diplomatic correspondence, there is a chance of exposing hypocrisy 32 – but that chance comes with the certainty of inhibiting 33 open, private discussion. This endangers the kind of back-door discussions that made everything from the Northern Ireland peace process to the release of Nelson Mandela possible in a way they would not have been had everything been on display.
  So far, so good 目前为止,一切很好;到目前为止还好leak v. 泄露
  Moreover, for all the talk of openness, what we post we do not necessarily own. We are often handing over information about ourselves and our friends to corporate 34 entities 35 and advertisers, which can end up in the hands of a state that is interested in anything but openness. In Britain, the government is about to introduce legislation that would give the police and intelligence officers the right to trawl our Facebook pages, Twitter accounts and Skype interactions.
  hand over 交出;送交
  Whether personal or political, the problem with the very public lives we now all live is essentially 36 the same. People generally arrive at positions through trial, error and experimentation 37. They mature by making mistakes and learning from them. But if you feel the mic is always on, you're far more likely to do something anodyne 38 for the record than think of something creative and take risks for all to see. The power to transmit amplifies 39 not just the audience, but the consequences.
  Less filth 8. Less fun. Less candour. We are experiencing the Hawthorne effect, in whichstudying behaviour alters the behaviour itself, writ 40 large. And while greater transparency may be one of the main outcomes, greater inhibition is no less so.
  Hawthorne effect 霍桑效应(指工人、学生等因受到研究人员的关注而增加产量或提高成绩)To a large extent, this is a problem of our own making. Our personal diaries are, in no small part, an open book because we open them. We put details about ourselves out into the ether that often forfeit 41 our right to privacy. It is now not uncommon 42 to see relationships disintegrate 43 in real time as long-term partners air grievances 44 openly online.
  to a large extent 在很大程度上
  forfeit n. 没收物,罚金 v.[T] 没收,丧失 a. 被没收,被罚The personal, the private, the privileged and the confidential no longer really exist. The stories we would otherwise choose not to share are no longer ours to keep; the conversations we hope will go no further may just keep traveling. A remark may be off-the-cuff or off-the-top-of-your-head – but nowadays, you must always assume it's on the record.
  Question time:
  1. What's the influence on politics when the limits of candour are constantly breached?
  2. Why did the auther say that the personal, the private, the privileged and the confidential no longer really existed?
  【参考答案】
  1. On one hand, it forces elites out into the open where their deliberations and pronouncements might be judged against their actions. However, on the other hand, what we have is not more openness, but more gaffes.
  2. Because with blogs, tweets, webcams, Facebook and YouTube, there is always a mic or camera somewhere and it is always running.
 

adj.恰当的;贴切的;中肯的;有关的;相干的
  • The expert made some pertinent comments on the scheme.那专家对规划提出了一些中肯的意见。
  • These should guide him to pertinent questions for further study.这些将有助于他进一步研究有关问题。
adj.骚乱的;狂欢的
  • Summer is in riotous profusion.盛夏的大地热闹纷繁。
  • We spent a riotous night at Christmas.我们度过了一个狂欢之夜。
n.短期休息,壁凹(墙上装架子,柜子等凹处)
  • The chairman of the meeting announced a ten-minute recess.会议主席宣布休会10分钟。
  • Parliament was hastily recalled from recess.休会的议员被匆匆召回开会。
木屐; 木底鞋,木屐( clog的名词复数 )
  • Clogs are part of the Netherlands national costume. 木屐是荷兰民族服装的一部分。
  • Clogs are part of the Dutch traditional costume. 木屐是荷兰传统装束的一部分。
v.呕吐,作呕;n.呕吐物,吐出物
  • They gave her salty water to make her vomit.他们给她喝盐水好让她吐出来。
  • She was stricken by pain and began to vomit.她感到一阵疼痛,开始呕吐起来。
adj.装淑女样子的,装规矩的,过分规矩的;adv.过分拘谨地
  • I'm not prudish but I think these photographs are obscene.我并不是假正经的人,但我觉得这些照片非常淫秽。
  • She was sexually not so much chaste as prudish.她对男女关系与其说是注重贞节,毋宁说是持身谨慎。
n.肮脏,污物,污秽;淫猥
  • I don't know how you can read such filth.我不明白你怎么会去读这种淫秽下流的东西。
  • The dialogue was all filth and innuendo.这段对话全是下流的言辞和影射。
adj.卑劣的;恶劣的,肮脏的
  • The whole river has been fouled up with filthy waste from factories.整条河都被工厂的污秽废物污染了。
  • You really should throw out that filthy old sofa and get a new one.你真的应该扔掉那张肮脏的旧沙发,然后再去买张新的。
n.妙计,高明的手段;狡诈,诡计
  • The use of mirrors in a room is an artifice to make the room look larger.利用镜子装饰房间是使房间显得大一点的巧妙办法。
  • He displayed a great deal of artifice in decorating his new house.他在布置新房子中表现出富有的技巧。
n.违反,不履行;破裂;vt.冲破,攻破
  • We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
  • He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。
攻破( breach的现在分词 ); 破坏,违反
  • These commitments have already been breached. 这些承诺已遭背弃。
  • Our tanks have breached the enemy defences. 我方坦克车突破了敌人的防线。
adj.个别的,分离的,不连续的
  • The picture consists of a lot of discrete spots of colour.这幅画由许多不相连的色点组成。
  • Most staple fibers are discrete,individual entities.大多数短纤维是不联系的单独实体。
adj.(言行)谨慎的;慎重的;有判断力的
  • He is very discreet in giving his opinions.发表意见他十分慎重。
  • It wasn't discreet of you to ring me up at the office.你打电话到我办公室真是太鲁莽了。
adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过
  • That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
  • It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。
n.尴尬;使人为难的人(事物);障碍;窘迫
  • She could have died away with embarrassment.她窘迫得要死。
  • Coughing at a concert can be a real embarrassment.在音乐会上咳嗽真会使人难堪。
追随者( follower的名词复数 ); 用户; 契据的附面; 从动件
  • the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
  • The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。
adj.有恶意的,心怀恶意的
  • You ought to kick back at such malicious slander. 你应当反击这种恶毒的污蔑。
  • Their talk was slightly malicious.他们的谈话有点儿心怀不轨。
adj.毁灭性的,令人震惊的,强有力的
  • It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
  • Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。
感到羞愧的
  • Parents are humiliated if their children behave badly when guests are present. 子女在客人面前举止失当,父母也失体面。
  • He was ashamed and bitterly humiliated. 他感到羞耻,丢尽了面子。
n.结果,后果( ramification的名词复数 )
  • These changes are bound to have widespread social ramifications. 这些变化注定会造成许多难以预料的社会后果。
  • What are the ramifications of our decision to join the union? 我们决定加入工会会引起哪些后果呢? 来自《简明英汉词典》
精华( elite的名词复数 ); 精锐; 上层集团; (统称)掌权人物
  • The elites are by their nature a factor contributing to underdevelopment. 这些上层人物天生是助长欠发达的因素。
  • Elites always detest gifted and nimble outsiders. 社会名流对天赋聪明、多才多艺的局外人一向嫌恶。
adj.固执己见的,心胸狭窄的
  • He is so bigoted that it is impossible to argue with him.他固执得不可理喻。
  • I'll concede you are not as bigoted as some.我承认你不象有些人那么顽固。
n.信用,祭器台,供桌,凭证
  • Don't give credence to all the gossip you hear.不要相信你听到的闲话。
  • Police attach credence to the report of an unnamed bystander.警方认为一位不知姓名的目击者的报告很有用。
n.失礼,出丑( gaffe的名词复数 )
  • The presidential candidate made three mistakes, or gaffes, during his speech. 校长候选人在演讲中出了三次错,或失态。 来自超越目标英语 第4册
  • When the microphones were on, gaffes gushed from his lips. 而当电话响起,他却口无遮拦,屡屡失言。 来自互联网
v.取笑,嘲笑( deride的现在分词 )
  • The girls are deriding that boy's foolishness. 姑娘们在嘲笑那个男孩的愚笨。 来自互联网
adj.无前例的,新奇的
  • The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
  • A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。
n.外交;外交手腕,交际手腕
  • The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
  • This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。
n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 );有手腕的人,善于交际的人
  • These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
  • The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.直率的,直截了当的 [同]frank
  • It's sometimes difficult to be forthright and not give offence.又直率又不得罪人,这有时很难办到。
  • He told me forthright just why he refused to take my side.他直率地告诉我他不肯站在我这一边的原因。
adj.秘(机)密的,表示信任的,担任机密工作的
  • He refused to allow his secretary to handle confidential letters.他不让秘书处理机密文件。
  • We have a confidential exchange of views.我们推心置腹地交换意见。
n.伪善,虚伪
  • He railed against hypocrisy and greed.他痛斥伪善和贪婪的行为。
  • He accused newspapers of hypocrisy in their treatment of the story.他指责了报纸在报道该新闻时的虚伪。
抑制作用的,约束的
  • The high cost of borrowing is inhibiting investment by industry in new equipment. 借款的高成本抑制了企业对新设备的投资。
  • The pesticides affect the nervous system by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase. 这类农药抑制胆碱酯酶而影响神经系统。
adj.共同的,全体的;公司的,企业的
  • This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
  • His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。
实体对像; 实体,独立存在体,实际存在物( entity的名词复数 )
  • Our newspaper and our printing business form separate corporate entities. 我们的报纸和印刷业形成相对独立的企业实体。
  • The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。
adv.本质上,实质上,基本上
  • Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
  • She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
n.实验,试验,实验法
  • Many people object to experimentation on animals.许多人反对用动物做实验。
  • Study and analysis are likely to be far cheaper than experimentation.研究和分析的费用可能要比实验少得多。
n.解除痛苦的东西,止痛剂
  • It was their delight,their folly,their anodyne,their intellectual stimulant.这是他们的人生乐趣,他们的一时荒唐,他们的止痛药,他们的脑力刺激剂。
  • Friendship is not only the condiment but also the anodyne of life.友谊是人生的调味品,也是人生的止痛药。
放大,扩大( amplify的第三人称单数 ); 增强; 详述
  • Gain is the number of times the amplifier amplifies a signal. 增益就是放大器放大信号的倍数。
  • Such panicky behaviour amplifies the impact of the Russian export ban. 这样的恐慌行为放大了俄罗斯小麦出口禁令的影响效应。
n.命令状,书面命令
  • This is a copy of a writ I received this morning.这是今早我收到的书面命令副本。
  • You shouldn't treat the newspapers as if they were Holy Writ. 你不应该把报上说的话奉若神明。
vt.丧失;n.罚金,罚款,没收物
  • If you continue to tell lies,you will forfeit the good opinion of everyone.你如果继续撒谎,就会失掉大家对你的好感。
  • Please pay for the forfeit before you borrow book.在你借书之前请先付清罚款。
adj.罕见的,非凡的,不平常的
  • Such attitudes were not at all uncommon thirty years ago.这些看法在30年前很常见。
  • Phil has uncommon intelligence.菲尔智力超群。
v.瓦解,解体,(使)碎裂,(使)粉碎
  • The older strata gradually disintegrate.较老的岩层渐渐风化。
  • The plane would probably disintegrate at that high speed.飞机以那么高速飞行也许会四分五裂。
n.委屈( grievance的名词复数 );苦衷;不满;牢骚
  • The trade union leader spoke about the grievances of the workers. 工会领袖述说工人们的苦情。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • He gave air to his grievances. 他申诉了他的冤情。 来自《简明英汉词典》
标签: 六级 阅读
学英语单词
accessory parabiotic action
Achair
acicular leaf
acquired essence
aluminium bearing
ashtry
barbecued wings
benga
boerhaavine
bone crypt
buscones
caeconometry
camber angle adjustment
carrageen
cecoyinine
celestial theodolite
close-packed
coated-tips
consequential arc back
conting
cosmetic tattoo
crank ... up
cubic capacity of permanent bunkers
cultural-historical
curvity
death-sentence
denatonium benzoate
descaling capability
domestic exporter
double sided floppy disk
erythropoeisis
flat copper bus-bar
folk dancing
gaehtgens
gamesun
gasteiz
gear pin diameter
global reactor calculation
graphitized carbon fibre
gravitational tectonics
hard grain
HBB
heave up
hens of the woods
image processing techniques
integral form of the transport equation
interlayer effect
isolation amplifier
job operation manual
Kumha
launderometer test
limit screw
lost pattern casting
lukks
Lyapunov stability theory
make a back
mangia cake
mellette
mentioned in dispatches
message planning
metacriticisms
midgap work function
Moghar Faukani
moshpits
neuron
noncicatricial
nonvolatile oil
offset slider-crank
Okatana
Okhvat
open bite
ore nest
over-persuaded
plate work tool
polaritonics
Polygonum humifusum
probation offenders
radiation control
Ralph Barton Perry
redirected dial number id service
reproach sb for
rocketpacks
rootstock of a cane stool
saltigrades
Saug R.
season ticket holder
stable gears
stenographist
stern-faced
stickiness
stove checker system
sum difference system of stereo
Tahuexco
tape relaying
Tomonaga,Shin'ichiro
triangle closure
tuberculoprotein
two-dwell motion
untraditional
veneer plywood
waterwall panel heater
zonal mean