时间:2019-02-09 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   The International Monetary 1 Situation (1)


  国际货币制度(一)
  Situation 4
  情景 4
  Mary Johnson ,an officer of the First National Bank, is discussingthe International Monetary System with one of her businessmanclients ,Harold Black.
  玛丽·约翰逊,第一国民银行的高级职员,正和她的一位经商的顾客哈罗德·布莱克讨论国际货币制度。
  Black:I have been reading a great deal recently about exchange-rate fluctuations 2
  布莱克:最近,我读了大量有关外汇汇率浮动、
  payment balances ,clean and dirty floats ,and the International Monetary System 。
  收支平衡、不受限制的和受限制的汇率浮动以及国际货币制度的材料。
  While I generally understand the way foreign exchange markets work,I am not sure exactly whatthe International Monetary System is.
  虽然我对于外汇市场的机制有了大概的了解,但是对于什么是国际货币制度这个问题还是不十分清楚。
  Johnson:Well,Mr.Black,the term International Monetary System actually refers to a series ofagreements among the major governments and their central banks to bring order and stability tothe international exchange markets.
  玛 丽:噢,布莱克先生,“国际货币制度”这一术语实际上是指为了维护国际外汇市场的秩序和稳定,一些影响较大的政府和中央银行之间所签定的一系列协定。
  The most important ,signed in 1944,is called the Bretton Woods Agreement 。
  最为重要的一个协定是1944年签定的布雷顿森林的协定,
  It established the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
  根据该协定而建立了世界银行和国际货币基金组织。
  B:Oh ,so you mean these agreements regulate international exchange rates?
  布莱克:那么,您是说由这些协定来管理国际汇率吗?
  J:They did until 1971.Up until that time international foreign exchange rates were pegged 3 to fixedvalues for gold and the U.S.dollar,
  玛 丽:直到1971年,这些协定确实起着这样的作用。在当时,国际外汇汇率是以黄金和美元的固定价值来定价的,
  which was considered to be the key currency 。
  黄金和美元被分认为当时的主要通币。
  B:What happened in 1971 to change this ?
  布莱克:那么,1971年时,什么原因改变了这一点呢?
  J:The surplus of dollars abroad from foreign aid,capital exports and chronic 5 balance of paymentsdeficits forced the U.S. to formally suspend gold convertibility 6
  玛 丽:由于外援而造成的国外的美元过剩,资本的输出和长期的国际收支逆差迫使美国正式中止了黄金的可兑换性,
  This brought an end to the old Bretton Woods System.
  致使旧的布雷顿森林体系宣告结束。
  The International Monetary Situation (2)
  国际货币制度(二)
  Situation 5
  情景 5
  Ms.Johnson and Mr.Black continue their discussion of theInternational Monetary System 。
  约翰逊小姐和布莱克先生继续讨论国际货币制度。
  Black :Is that when the Smithsonian Agreement was signed ?
  布莱克:史密森协定就是在那时签订的吧?
  Johnson:Yes,in December 1971.Under that and subsequent agreements ,the fixed 4 rate exchangesystem has been changed to a floating exchange rate system in which the value of variouscurrencies fluctuate to restore balance-of-payments equilibrium 7
  约翰逊:对,是在1971年12月签订的。在史密森协定和随后的一些协定的指导下,固定的外汇汇率制度转变为浮动汇变幻无率制度。在这个制度中,以各种货币价值的波动来恢复国际收支差额的平衡。
  B:So you mean that foreign exchange rates are new free to change according to the laws ofsupply and demand?
  布莱克:那么,您是说,现在外汇汇率是按照供需规律自由是变化?
  J:Not quite .Actually ,we now have a managed floating exchange rate system,or what many people call a dirty float system 。
  约翰逊:也不完全是这样。实际上,我们现在建立了一个受管制的浮动汇率制度,即许多人称之为:受限制的浮动外汇制度“。
  This means that ,while there is a great degree of flexibility 8 in exchange rates according to balanceof payment factors,
  就是说,虽然按照国际收支差额的因素,汇率有很大程度的灵活性,
  central banks still intervene in the market by buying or selling large amounts of foreign currenciesto prevent wide-ranging fluctuations.
  但中央银行仍然使用买进或卖出大量外币的办法来防止大幅度的外汇浮动,以此来干预外汇市场。
  B:Why do they do this ?Wouldn’t a clean float be better?
  布莱克:他们为什么要这样做呢? 不受限制的汇率浮动会不会更好些呢?
  J:Well,a clean float means that the parity 9 rate of various currencies would go up or go down torestore balance-of -payments equilibrium.
  约翰逊:不受限制的汇率浮动意味着各种货币的比价能以涨价或跌价来恢复国际收支差额的平衡。
  Therefore ,a country’s international trade position could be affected 10 by an appreciation 11 of itscurrency 。
  因此,一个国家的外贸地位会因为它的货币的增值而受到影响了。
  B:Oh ,I see.So governments must consider their internal fiscal 12 and political requirements ,too.
  布莱克:噢,我明白了。因此政府也必须考虑到国内的财政和政治需要。
  J:Yes,that’s right .That’s why it takes a great deal of international cooperation to make the presentsystem work 。
  约翰逊:对,是这样的。这就是为什么需要大量国际间协作才会使得这个现行制度发挥作用。

adj.货币的,钱的;通货的;金融的;财政的
  • The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
  • Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。
波动,涨落,起伏( fluctuation的名词复数 )
  • He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table. 他用统计表显示价格的波动。
  • There were so many unpredictable fluctuations on the Stock Exchange. 股票市场瞬息万变。
v.用夹子或钉子固定( peg的过去式和过去分词 );使固定在某水平
  • They pegged their tent down. 他们钉好了账篷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • She pegged down the stairs. 她急忙下楼。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的
  • Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
  • Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。
n.可改变性,可变化性;兑换
  • Some countermeasure and recommendation on RMB's full convertibility. " 对人民币实现完全自由兑换提出了对策和建议。 来自互联网
  • China capital convertibility's course is the same as foreign exchange system reform. 中国资本项目开放的进程,是与我国外汇体制改革的步伐相一致的。 来自互联网
n.平衡,均衡,相称,均势,平静
  • Change in the world around us disturbs our inner equilibrium.我们周围世界的变化扰乱了我们内心的平静。
  • This is best expressed in the form of an equilibrium constant.这最好用平衡常数的形式来表示。
n.柔韧性,弹性,(光的)折射性,灵活性
  • Her great strength lies in her flexibility.她的优势在于她灵活变通。
  • The flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old.人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。
n.平价,等价,比价,对等
  • The two currencies have now reached parity.这两种货币现已达到同等价值。
  • Women have yet to achieve wage or occupational parity in many fields.女性在很多领域还没能争取到薪金、职位方面的平等。
adj.不自然的,假装的
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
n.评价;欣赏;感谢;领会,理解;价格上涨
  • I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to you all.我想对你们所有人表达我的感激和谢意。
  • I'll be sending them a donation in appreciation of their help.我将送给他们一笔捐款以感谢他们的帮助。
adj.财政的,会计的,国库的,国库岁入的
  • The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
  • The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。
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