新视野大学英语听说教程2 06a

　　For her first twenty-four years,she'd been known as Debbie—a name that didn't suit her good looks and elegant manner."My name has always made me think I should be a cook,"she complained."I just don't feel like a Debbie."

One day,while filling out an application form for a publishing job,the young woman impulsively 1 substituted her middle name,Lynne,for her first name Dbbbie."That was the smartest thing I ever did,"she says now."As soon as Istopped calling myself Debbie,I felt more comfortable with myself...and other people started to take me more seriously."Two years after her successful job interview,the former waitress is now a successful magazine editor.Friends and associates call her Lynne.

Naturally,the name change didn't cause Debbie/Lynne's professional achievement—but it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents. Social scientists say that what you're called can affect your life.Throughtout history,names have not merely identified people but also described them."As his name is,so is he."says the Bible,and Webster's Dictionary inclludes the following definition of name:"a word or words expressing some quality considered characteristic or descriptive of a person or a thing,often expressing approval or disapproval 2".Note well

"approval or disapproval".For better or worst,qualities such as friendliness 3 or reserve ,

plainness or charm may be suggested by your name and conveyed to other people before they even meet you.

Namea become attached to specific images,as anyone who's been called "a plain Jane"or"justan average Joe"can show.The latter name particularly bothers me since my name is Joe ,which some think makes me more qualified 4 to be a baseball player than,say,an art critic.Yet,despite this disadvantage,I did manage to become an art critic for a time.Even so,one prominent magazine consistently refused to print "Joe"in my by-line,using my first initials,J.S.,instead.I suspect that if I were a more refined Arthur or Adrian,the name would have appeared complete.

Of course,names with a positive sense can work for you and even encourage new acquaintance,A recent survey showed that American men thought Susan to be the most attractive female name,while women believed Richard and David were the most

attractive for men.One woman Iknow turned down a blind date with a man named Harry 5 because "he sounded dull".Several everings later,she came up to me at a party,pressing for an introduction to a very impressive man;they'd been cxchanging glances all evening."Oh,"Isaid."You mean Harry,"She was ill at ease.

Though most of us would like to think ourselves free from such prejudiced notions,we're all guilty of name stereotyping 6 to some extent. Confess:Wouldn't you be surprised to meet Bertha?A Pope Mel?Often,we project name-based stereotypes 7 on people,as one woman friend discovered while taking charge of a nursery school's group of four-year-olds."There I was,trying to get a little active boy named Jujian to sit quiently and read a book—and pushing a thoughtful creature named Rory to play ball.I had their personalities 8 confused because of their names!"

Apparently 9,such prejudices can affect classroom achievement as well.In a study conducted by Herbert Harari of San Diego State University,and John Mcdavid of Georgia State University,teachers gave consistently lower grades on essays apparently written by boys named Elmer and Hubert than they awarded to the same papers when the writers' names wre given as Michael and David.However,teacher prerjudice isn't the only source of classroom difference.Dr.Thonas V.Busse and louisa Seraydarian of Temple University found those girls with names such as Linda,Diane,Barbara,Carol,and Cindy performed better on objectively graded IQ and achievement tests than did girls with less appealing names.)A companion study showed girls' popularity with their peers was also related to the popularity of their names—although the connecction was less chear for boys.)

Though your parents probably meant name to last a lifetime,remember that when they picked it they'd hardly met you,and the hopes and dreams they valued when they chose it may not match yours.If your name no longer seems to fit you,don't despair;you aren't stuck with the label.Movie stars regularly change their names,and with some determination,you can,too.