新视野大学英语读写教程词汇 第二册 Unit 10a

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　　<TITLE>New Words</TITLE>

　　||<1>survival    |n. |[U] state of continuing to live or exist |生存；幸存

　　|| ||survival of the fittest |适者生存

　　|| ||For the poorest people, life was merely a matter of survival. |对最穷的人来说，生活只是争取活命。

　　||<2>　<em>bomber</em>|n.|[C] an aircraft that drops bombs |轰炸机

　　|| ||The invasion on land was supported by bombers in the air. |地面进攻得到轰炸机的空中配合。

　　||<3>accent|n.|[C] a way of saying words, showing which country or which part of a country one comes from |口音；腔调

　　||||His accent was so strong that I couldn't understand a word he was saying. |他的口音很重，说的话我一句不懂。

　　||||I knew from his accent that he was from the South. |从他口音可以听出他是南方人。

　　|@|<4>sorrow|n.|[U] a feeling of sadness |悲伤，悲痛

　　||||His heart ached with anger and sorrow. |他悲愤交加，心痛不已。

　　||||The sorrow she felt over the death of her husband was almost too much to bear. |她简直难以承受失夫之痛。

　　||<5>suffering   |n.|[C, U] mental or physical pain or problems |痛苦；问题

　　||        ||Reporters described the suffering they had seen in the war zone. |记者向人们描述了他们在战争地带所见的人们的苦难。

　　||        ||It caused her immense mental suffering. |这件事使她精神上极度痛苦。

　　|@|<6>ancient     |a.|having existed for a very long time |古老的

　　||        ||The ancient city was bombed out during the war. |这座古城在战争中被彻底炸毁了。

　　||        ||People living in this valley still follow their ancient customs. |居住在这个山谷里的人们现在还保持着古老的风俗。

　　||<7>endure      |vt. |bear pain, suffering, etc. for a long time |忍受，忍耐

　　||        ||We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport. |我们不得不在机场忍受航班9个小时的延误。

　　||        ||He endured three years in prison for his political beliefs. |他因政治信仰遭受了三年监禁。

　　||        |vi.|last for a long time |持续；持久

　　||        ||The author of the book did not survive, but his book endured. |作者已逝，但他的作品长留世间。

　　||        ||The spirit of man will endure as long as people believe in being good. |只要人们相信善，人类的精神将长存。

　　||<8>raid|n.|[C] a sudden short attack |突袭；袭击

　　||        ||The air force has carried out a low-level bombing raid. |空军实施了一次低空轰炸袭击。

　　||        ||We made a raid on the enemy. |我们对敌人发起了突袭。

　　|||vt. |suddenly attack a place |突袭；袭击

　　||        ||The soldiers raided the enemy camp. |这些战士袭击了敌人营地。

　　||        ||The post office was raided late at night. |深夜邮局遭到了袭击。

　　|@|<9>channel     |n. |1. [C] an area of water that connects two larger areas of water |海峡；航道

　　||        ||the English Channel |英吉利海峡

　　||        ||We tried digging a channel to lower the water level but that didn't work. |我们试着挖了一道沟渠以降低水位，可是没用。

　　||   | |2. [C] a television station |电视频道

　　||        ||Shall we watch the news on Channel Four? |我们看四频道的新闻好吗？

　　||        ||She turned to the sports channel to watch the football match. |她调到体育频道看足球赛。

　　||||3. [C] a method that is used to send or obtain information, goods, etc. |途径；渠道

　　||        ||One difficulty in the present situation of the two countries is the lack of a proper channel of communication. |两国关系现状的一个难题是缺乏适当的沟通渠道。

　　||        ||In his work, he found a channel for all his energy. |他在工作中找到了释放自己精力的渠道。

　　||<10>cast       |vt.|(cast, cast) make light or a shadow appear somewhere |将（光线、影子）投射到

　　||        ||Some doubt has been cast on the future of the business. |有人对公司的前景持有疑虑。

　　||        ||Her arrival cast a shadow over the party. |她的到来给晚会投下了不愉快的阴影。

　　||<11>cliff |n.|[C] an area of rock with a steep side, often at the edge of the sea or a river |悬崖；峭壁

　　||        ||We walked along the cliff edge for a couple of miles. |我们沿着那峭壁边缘走了几英里。

　　||        ||Don't go too close to the edge of the cliff—you might fall. |别太靠近悬崖的边缘──小心掉下去。

　　||<12>invade     |v.     |enter a country using military force in order to take control of it |侵略；侵犯

　　||        ||Alexander the Great invaded India with a large army. |亚历山大大帝率大军入侵印度。

　　||        ||Gatherings of armed forces near the border looked like they planned to invade within the next few days. |部队在边境附近集结，看来几天之内就会入侵。

　　|| |vt.|get involved in sth. in an unwanted and annoying way |干扰；侵犯

　　||        ||Famous people often find their privacy is invaded by the press. |名人们常常发现其个人隐私受到新闻界的侵犯。

　　||        ||The motorbikes invaded the calm of the summer afternoon. |摩托车的噪音惊扰了夏日午后的宁静。

　　||<13>　<em>invader</em>|n. |[C] a country, army, etc. that uses forces to enter another country |侵略者；入侵者

　　||       ||The mountains were once the hiding place for locals escaping the endless stream of foreign invaders. |这些山曾是当地人躲避一批批外国入侵者的藏身之处。

　　||       ||Any new company is seen as an invader in an already competitive market. |任何一家新的公司都被看成是对原本已竞争激烈的市场的入侵者。

　　||<14>marshal    |n.|[C] an officer of the highest rank in the army |元帅

　　||        ||Field/Air Marshal |陆军/空军元帅

　　||<15>surrender  |vi.    |admit defeat and stop fighting |投降

　　||        ||They would rather die than surrender. |他们宁死不降。

　　||        ||He surrendered to despair and finally killed himself. |他陷于绝望，终于自杀。

　　|||vt.    |give up sth. because one is forced to |（被迫）交出；放弃

　　||        ||Neither side is willing to surrender any of their claims. |双方都不愿放弃自己的权力。

　　||        ||They surrendered their guns to the police. |他们向警察缴枪。

　　|@|<16>royal      |a.|relating to or belonging to a king or queen |王室的；皇家的

　　||        ||The law has not yet received the royal approval. |该法律尚未得到御准。

　　||        ||Royal power in this country was only a symbol of historical value and had no legislative significance. |皇权在这个国家只是象征着其历史价值，并没有任何法律意义。

　　||<17>hammer|vt.|hit sth. |敲打

　　||        ||I could hear him hammering in the house next door. |我能听见他在隔壁房间锤击的声音。

　　||        ||Can you hold this nail in position while I hammer it into the door? |我往门里钉钉子时，你能把钉子摁住吗？

　　|||n.|[C] |锤子；榔头

　　||        ||To sound the fire alarm, break the glass with the hammer. |发火警警报时就用锤子把玻璃敲碎。

　　||        ||Hammers are used for hitting nails into wood. |用锤子把钉子敲进木头里。

　　||<18>daylight   |n. |[U] the light produced by the sun during the day |白天，白昼

　　||        ||I'd prefer to walk home in daylight. |我比较喜欢在日光中步行回家。

　　||        ||I haven't seen your garden in daylight before. |我以前没有在白天看过你的花园。

　　||<19>historic|a.     |very important and will be recorded as part of history |历史性的

　　||        ||In a historic vote, the Church of England decided to allow women to become leaders. |英国国教会在一项具有历史意义的表决中决定允许妇女成为领袖。

　　||        ||More money is needed for the up-keep of the historic buildings. |历史性建筑的保存需要更多的资金投入。

　　||<20>radar      |n. |[C, U] a piece of equipment that uses radio waves to find the position of sth. |雷达

　　||        ||Even small ships now have radar. |现在连小船都装备有雷达。

　　||        ||Enemy planes are found on the radar screen. |在雷达屏幕上发现了敌机。

　　|#|<21>siren      |n. |[C] a device for making a loud warning noise |汽笛；警报器

　　||        ||In big cities you hear police sirens all the time. |在大城市里老是能听到警笛声。

　　||        ||The siren went off in the middle of the night to warn that there was going to be an air attack. |半夜响起了警报，警告人们将有空袭。

　　|#|<22>wail       |vi.    |make a long high sound |发出尖叫声

　　||        ||The wind wailed in the trees. |风在林中呼啸。

　　||        ||The fire truck sped past, its siren wailing. |消防车飞驰而过，警笛呼啸。

　　||<23>agony |n.|[C, U] great pain |极大的痛苦

　　||        ||The people who had been hurt in the bomb explosion lay wailing in agony. |炸弹爆炸中受伤的人们躺在那里，痛苦地嚎叫。

　　||        ||She was in agony trying to make a decision. |她在努力作出决定，内心十分痛苦。

　　|@|<24>punishment |n.|[C, U] sth. done to punish sb. |惩罚，处罚

　　||        ||In cases of sheep stealing, the usual punishment was hanging. |那时如偷羊，通常的惩罚就是吊死。

　　||        ||Some people are demanding the return of capital punishment for murder. |有些人要求恢复对谋杀罪的死刑。

　　|@|<25>crash      |n.     |[C] a sudden loud noise made by sth. falling, breaking, etc. |破裂声；哗啦声

　　||        ||His words were drowned in a crash of thunder. |他的话被一声雷响所淹没。

　　||        ||The flower bottle landed on the floor with a crash. |花瓶砰的一声掉在了地板上。

　　||        |vi.    |1. make a sudden loud noise |发出巨响

　　||        ||Without warning, the door crashed open. |门哗啦一声开了，之前一点预兆都没有。

　　||        ||The driver crashed the gears. |司机嘭地一声换档。

　　||        ||2. have an accident in a car, plane, etc. by violently hitting sth. else |猛撞；撞毁

　　||        ||The plane crashed into the mountainside. |飞机坠毁在山坡上。

　　||        ||Her brother borrowed her motorbike and crashed it. |她弟弟借了她的摩托车，却把它撞坏了。

　　|@|<26>spit |       |(spat, spat) |

　　| |        |v.|send out small bits of sth. such as fire or hot oil into the air |喷出；喷射

　　||        ||He was spitting blood after being hit in the mouth. |他嘴部挨打后吐出了鲜血。

　　||        ||She spit out a little saliva on a cloth to wipe the mirror clean. |她在布上吐了一点唾沫来擦净镜子。

　　|||vi.    |force the liquid in the mouth out of the mouth |吐痰

　　||        ||It is considered rude to spit in public. |当众吐痰是粗野无礼的行为。

　　||        ||He detested people spitting on sidewalks. |他最讨厌人们在人行道上吐痰了。

　　||<27>commute    |vi.|regularly travel a long distance to and from work |上下班往返

　　||        ||She commutes from Oxford to London every day. |她每日往返于牛津与伦敦之间。

　　||        ||It's really tiring commuting from Brighton to London every day. |每天来往于伦敦与布赖顿之间真是累人。

　　||<28>　<em>commuter</em> |n. |[C] sb. who travels a long distance to and from work |每天经很远路程上下班的人

　　||         ||The five o'clock train is always packed with commuters. |五点钟的火车总是挤满了往返两地上下班的人。

　　||        ||It has been suggested that commuters should share their cars and give each other lifts. |有人建议通勤者应该合用车辆，让彼此能够搭顺风车。

　　||<29>suburb     |n. |[C] an area on the edge of a town or city |郊区

　　||        ||They live in the suburb of London. |他们住在伦敦郊区。

　　||        ||We drove from the middle-class suburbs to the inner city. |我们驾车从中产阶级的近郊住宅区驶到旧城区。

　　||<30>dairy      |n.|[C] a place where milk and milk products are made or sold |牛奶场；乳品店

　　||        ||He had just left the dairy when he realized he had forgotten to buy cottage cheese. |他刚离开乳品店，忽然想起忘了买乡村干酪。

　　||        ||The farmer's dairy made a net profit of $750,000 in the previous year. |这个农民的奶牛场前一年的净利润是75万元。

　　||<31>heroic     |a.|very brave |英雄的；英勇的

　　||        ||He was famous for his heroic deeds during the war. |他因战争中的英勇事迹而闻名。

　　||        ||We were amazed by her heroic acts. |我们被她的英雄行为所折服。

　　||<32>resolution |n.     |1. [U] the quality of being determined to do sth. |坚决；决心

　　||        ||His speech ended on a note of resolution. |他用铿锵有力的话语结束了演讲。

　　||        ||He showed great resolution in facing the robbers. |他面对强盗显得非常刚毅。

　　||        ||2. [U] the act of solving a problem |解决

　　||        ||Your information has made the resolution of this problem possible. |你提供的信息已使解决这个问题成为可能。

　　||        ||We need quick resolution of this conflict. |我们需要很快解决这一争端。

　　||<33>handful    |n.     |1. [sing.] a small number (of people or things) |少数，少量

　　||        ||There's only a handful of people who can do work as difficult as this. |只有少数人能完成如此困难的工作。

　　||        ||She invited many friends to her party, but only a handful of them came. |她请了许多朋友来参加她的聚会，但只有少数几个人来了。

　　||        |       |2. [C] an amount of sth. that can be held in one hand |一把

　　||        ||He took a handful of coins from his pocket. |他从口袋里拿出一把硬币。

　　||        ||She picked up a handful of snow and threw it at me. |她抓起一把雪朝我扔过来。

　　||<34>flock|n. |[C] a group of animals, birds, or people |一群

　　||        ||Police are warning motorists that a flock of sheep has escaped onto the road. |警察在告诫驾车人说有一群绵羊跑到了路上。

　　||        ||Noisy flocks of visitors came into the buildings. |一群群吵闹的参观者进入了大楼。

　　|||vi.|gather together in great numbers |群集

　　||        ||Hundreds of people are flocking to the football match. |数以百计的人正涌着去看足球赛。

　　||        ||Huge numbers of birds flocked together by the lake. |湖边聚集了一大群的鸟儿。

　　|★|<35>exhaustion|n.|[U] extreme tiredness |筋疲力尽；疲惫

　　||        ||She felt ill with exhaustion. |她因过度劳累而感到身体不适。

　　||        ||They were in a state of exhaustion after climbing the mountain. |他们登山之后感到筋疲力尽。

　　||<36>smash      |v.  |break into pieces or break sth. into pieces |打碎；破碎

　　||        ||The lock was rusty, so we had to smash the door open. |锁生锈了，我们不得不把门砸开。

　　||        ||The glass dropped on the floor and smashed in to pieces. |杯子掉到地上，摔得粉碎。

　　||<37>cellar     |n.|[C] a room under the ground floor of a building, usu. used to store things |地下室

　　||           ||She hid herself in the cellar. |她藏在地下室里。

　　|@|<38>rescue     |vt.|save sb. or sth. from danger |救援；营救

　　||        ||You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. |你使我摆脱了窘境。

　　||        ||The lifeboat rescued the sailors from the sinking boat. |救生船将水手们从正在下沉的船上营救了出来。

　　||        |n. |[C, U] an action of saving sb. or sth. from danger |救援；营救

　　||        ||Lifeboats accomplish many rescues every month. |救生船每月都要进行多次救援行动。

　　||        ||We sat together on the cliff, waiting for rescue. |我们一起坐在悬崖上, 等待救援。

　　||<39>underneath |prep. |directly under another object or covered by it |在...下面，在...底下

　　||        ||The road goes right underneath the city. |这条路正好通到城市下面。

　　||        ||They found a bomb underneath the car. |他们在车底下发现了一枚炸弹。

　　|★|<40>wreckage   |n.|[U] the parts of sth. that has been destroyed |残骸

　　||        ||Wreckage of the plane showered a wide area. |那架飞机的残骸四散坠下。

　　||        ||Two boats crashed and some people were trapped in the wreckage. |两船相撞，一些人被困在撞破的船只里。

　　|@|<41>whichever  |det.&pron. |used for saying that it does not matter which person or thing is chosen |无论哪个；无论哪些

　　||        ||Take whichever hat suits you best. |挑选最适合你的帽子。

　　||        ||Whichever you buy, there is a two-year guarantee. |无论你买哪一个，都有两年的保质期。

　　||<42>decent     |a.|socially acceptable or good |得体的；正派的

　　||        ||Everyone should have the right to a decent wage and a decent home. |人人都有权得到象样的工资和拥有一个美好的家庭。

　　||        ||I thought he was a decent sort of person. |我认为他属于那种正派的人。

　　||<43>　<em>decency</em> |n. |[U] moral behavior that shows respect for other people |体面；得体

　　||        ||He acted with decency. |他行为得体。

　　||        ||They showed a shameless disrespect for human rights and the norms of human decency. |他们无耻地蔑视人权和人类尊严的准则。

　　||<44>ally       |vt.|help and support other people or countries, esp. in a war |使结盟

　　||        ||We will both benefit from allying and combining our resources. |我们双方都从我们的资源合并中获益。

　　||        ||The small country allied itself with the stronger power. |那个小国与强国结成联盟。

　　||        |n.|[C] a country that agrees to help or support another country in a war |盟国

　　||        ||the United States and its European allies |美国及其欧洲盟国

　　||        ||By the end of World War II, Britain faced a widening split with its former allies. |二次大战结束之前，英国与前盟友的分歧日益扩大。

　　||<45>　<em>allied</em>  |a. |(A~) |同盟国的

　　||        ||Allied forces landed in Normandy in the summer of 1944. |盟军部队于1944年夏天在诺曼底登陆。

　　<TITLE>Phrases and Expressions</TITLE>

　　||<46>drive off  |force sb. or an animal to go away |击退；赶走

　　|||The army drove off the enemy with much effort and loss of life. |这支部队艰苦作战，伤亡惨重，才击退了敌人。

　　|||They claimed that they had driven off a major force. |他们声称已经击退了敌方的一支主力。

　　||<47>be sure of |be certain to get sth. or be certain sth. will happen |一定会；肯定会

　　|||Can I be sure of a profit if I put my money there? |我把钱投在那儿一定能获利吗？

　　|||Sophie is sure of good exam results. |索菲对考试获得好成绩很有把握。

　　||<48>in broad daylight |in the daytime |光天化日之下

　　|||He was robbed in broad daylight, in a crowded street. |光天化日之下，就在一条熙熙攘攘的街道上，他被抢劫了。

　　|||Thieves had broken into the door in broad daylight. |小偷在大白天破门而入。

　　||<49>carry on   |continue doing sth. |继续做

　　|||Carry on the work while I'm away. |我不在时，你继续干你的工作。

　　|||I shall try to carry on the work in spite of difficulties. |虽然困难重重，但我会把这个工作干下去。

　　||<50>under control  |being controlled or dealt with successfully |受到控制；处于控制之下

　　||    |It was several hours before the fire was brought under control. |几个小时以后火势才得到控制。

　　||    |I shall put an experienced teacher in charge of that class, to bring the children under control. |我将派一个有经验的老师去负责那个班，让孩子们规矩点。

　　||<51>on the air |on radio or television |（广播或电视）播出

　　|||This channel comes on the air every morning at 7:00. |这个频道每天早晨7点开始播送节目。

　　|||The interview with the President will be on the air tomorrow morning. |对总统的采访将于明天早晨播出。

　　||<52>keep sb. from doing sth.  |prevent sb. from doing sth. |阻止某人做某事

　　|||Don't let me keep you from going out. |别因为我而妨碍你外出。

　　|||I don't want to keep you from your work. |我不想阻止你去做自己的工作。

　　||<53>watch for  |keep looking and be ready for sb. or sth. |留意；密切注意

　　|||Watch forly our newly improved product, which will be on the market next week! |留心我们新改进的产品吧，下个星期就要上市了！

　　|||Watch this space for notice of our next sale. |请留意这一版面上有关我们下一次销售的广告。

　　||<54>put out    |make sth. stop burning |扑灭，熄灭

　　|||Firemen soon put the fire out. |消防队员很快就把火扑灭了。

　　|||Put out all fires before leaving the camping ground. |离开营地以前要把所有的火熄灭。

　　||<55>mark down  |write down |记下来，写下来

　　|||I marked down the address that she gave me over the telephone, and took care not to lose it. | 我把她在电话里告诉我的地址记了下来，并且注意把它保存好。

　　|||Make down every change in the temperature until the fever has gone. |退烧前随时记录体温变化。

　　||<56>provide for |make plans in order to deal with sth. that might happen in the future |为...做准备

　　|| |The budget provides for a salary increase after one year. |该预算为一年后工资上调作好了准备。

　　|| |He studied hard to provide for the final examination. |他努力学习，为期末考试做准备。

　　<TITLE>Proper Names</TITLE>

　　||<57>Atlantic Ocean  | |大西洋

　　||<58>North Carolina  | |北卡罗来纳州（美国州名）

　　||<59>Edward R. Murrow | |爱德华·R.默罗（1908-1965，美国广播记者，二战时曾在伦敦主持哥伦比亚广播公司欧洲部工作）

　　||<60>Columbia  | |哥伦比亚（广播系统）

　　||<61>Dover  | |(英国与法国之间）多佛尔（海峡）

　　||<62>Goering | |戈林（1893-1946，纳粹德国元帅，战犯）

　　||<63>Hitler  | |希特勒（1889-1945，纳粹德国元首，头号战犯）

　　||<64>Warsaw | |华沙(波兰首都）

　　||<65>Rotterdam | |鹿特丹（荷兰西南部港市）

　　||<66>RAF (Royal Air Force) | |（英国）皇家空军