时间:2019-01-22 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读


英语课

   在英语学习中,我们自然会遇到许多生词。这时,许多人立即翻阅字典,查找词义。其实,这种做法是不科学的。它不但费时费力,而且影响阅读速度。事实上,阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。猜测词义时,可利用以下线索:


  三、外部相关因素
  外部相关因素是指篇章(句子或段落)以外的其他知识。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时,就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。
  【例一】Husband: it‘s really cold out tonight.
  Wife: Sure it is. My hands are practically numb 1.
  How about lighting 2 the furnace?
  根据生活经验,天气寒冷时,手肯定是“冻僵的,冻得麻木的”。
  【例二】The snake slithered through the grass.
  根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识,我们可以推断出slither词义为“爬行”。
  四、构词法
  1、根据前缀猜测词义
  【例一】He fell into a ditch and lay there,semiconscious,for a few minutes.
  根据词根conscious(清醒的,有意识的),结合前缀semi(半,部分的,不完全的),我们便可猜出semiconscious词义“半清醒的,半昏迷的”。
  【例二】I‘m illiterate 3 about such things.
  词根literate意为“有文化修养的,通晓的”,前缀il表示否定,因此illiterate指“一窍不通,不知道的”。
  2、根据后缀猜测词义
  【例一】Insecticide is applied 4 where it is needed.
  后缀cide表示“杀者,杀灭剂”,结合大家熟悉的词根insect(昆虫),不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”。
  【例二】Then the vapor 5 may change into droplets 6.
  后缀let表示“小的”,词根drop指“滴,滴状物”。将两个意思结合起来,便可推断出droplet词义“小滴,微滴”。
  3、根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
  【例一】Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.
  Hightlight或许是一个生词,但是分析该词结构后,就能推测出其含义。它是由high(高的,强的)和light(光线)两部分组成,合在一起便是“以强光照射,使突出”的意思。
  【例二】Bullfight is very popular in Spain.
  Bull(公牛)和fight(打,搏斗)结合在一起,指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动---斗牛。
  综上所述,利用各种已知信息推测、判断词义是一项重要的阅读技巧。在实践中,我们可以灵活运用,综合运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧,排除生词的障碍,顺利理解文章的思想内容,提高阅读速度。

adj.麻木的,失去感觉的;v.使麻木
  • His fingers were numb with cold.他的手冻得发麻。
  • Numb with cold,we urged the weary horses forward.我们冻得发僵,催着疲惫的马继续往前走。
n.照明,光线的明暗,舞台灯光
  • The gas lamp gradually lost ground to electric lighting.煤气灯逐渐为电灯所代替。
  • The lighting in that restaurant is soft and romantic.那个餐馆照明柔和而且浪漫。
adj.文盲的;无知的;n.文盲
  • There are still many illiterate people in our country.在我国还有许多文盲。
  • I was an illiterate in the old society,but now I can read.我这个旧社会的文盲,今天也认字了。
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
n.蒸汽,雾气
  • The cold wind condenses vapor into rain.冷风使水蒸气凝结成雨。
  • This new machine sometimes transpires a lot of hot vapor.这部机器有时排出大量的热气。
n.小滴( droplet的名词复数 )
  • Droplets of sweat were welling up on his forehead. 他额头上冒出了滴滴汗珠。 来自辞典例句
  • In constrast, exhaled smoke contains relatively large water droplets and appears white. 相反,从人嘴里呼出的烟则包含相当大的水滴,所以呈白色。 来自辞典例句
标签: 四级阅读
学英语单词
al iskandariyah (alexandria)
arch spring fastening
ardebils
arid area
Armoracia rusticana
avitic
ball in hand
bar buoy
belt bucket elevator
bithc
bon accueil
buliosi
checker flag
climbazole
cobs
coil heated kettle
colotepec r.
Cook lens
Cupressus gigantea
direct tide
directed scan
draper's
dromedary camels
dyscrystalline
early bird special
earth-oriented satellite
face bar
gainbirth
gas-turbine module
geofoam
geologises
get a feel for something
graduss
Głógówek
hazlenuts
headingoverhand bench method
health institution
hexagon mesh
highest-profiles
information privacy
input tempearature
insertion phase
intercooling
Ipnofil
Jordan curves
killion
kwasi
legal speed limit
leptophonic
love seat
marahau
memory increment technique
microfiche
Micropan
MLW (medium level waste)
myxo-endothelioma
nabataeans
nanobiotechnologies
Neolitsea longipedicellata
non-single value nonlinearity
nonmetabolizing
oil-painted
ostroff
overblows
permeability quotient
perter
plan radius
pleurotrichome
pneunatic crane
psychological review
pulse timing-marker oscillator
pumping energy storage
pylocheles (bathycheles) incisus
rating design
realignment function
refrigerated cabinet
scale impression
scanograph
semistratifiable
sludge excess
sphero-conic harmonic function
sprocket-worm gear type turning gear
stakingout
submarine thermometer
submicron vertical mesfets
swermirin
tau particle
teleseism
tesseradecade
thrust unit
tridiapason
tristetraprolin
two-bend processing scale breaker
Tyul'gan
uniform heat treatment
vietnamese
visibletrade
waist rib
wanda landowskas
Wesleyan Methodists
Whittle, Sir Frank
zirconium mineral