时间:2018-12-03 作者:英语课 分类:2011年ESL之餐饮娱乐


英语课

 



11 Eating Unhealthy Foods


GLOSSARY 1


to help (someone) out – to help another person, especially informally and whenone is not obligated to help, but chooses to do so


* If you have a minute, can you please help me out with the laundry?


to not sound like much – to appear to be insignificant 2, unimportant, orunimpressive


* Making $30,000 per year may not sound like much, but it’s almost twice asmuch as he was making in his previous job.


to make a mean sandwich – to make a very good sandwich that is better thanmost other sandwiches


* This deli makes a mean sandwich. Their tuna salad sandwiches are the best intown!


cold cuts – thinly sliced, processed meat put on sandwiches, like bologna,pastrami, turkey, roast beef, and ham


* That was a really healthy salad before you put all those cold cuts on top.


processed – manufactured; not natural; changed from its natural form throughsome manmade process


* Processed products like apple juice and applesauce have less fiber 3 and fewervitamins than whole foods like raw apples.


additive 4 – chemicals or other substances that are added to foods or medicines,usually to change their color, texture 5, or taste


* With so many additives 6, are those crackers 7 even real food?


sodium 8 – salt; sodium chloride; NaCl


* A high-sodium diet is associated with high blood pressure.


saturated 9 fat – a type of fat that is a solid (not liquid) at room temperature,mostly found in animal products


* Whole milk, yogurt, cheese, and ice cream are high in saturated fat.


greens – leafy vegetables like lettuce 10, spinach 11, and kale


* These greens would be delicious tossed with oil and vinegar dressing,parmesan cheese, and croutons.


organic – grown without using artificial or manmade chemicals


* Organic produce usually isn’t very pretty, because insects often damage thefruits and vegetables.


pesticide 12 – a chemical used to kill insects and other living things that damage orkill crops (plants grown for food, clothing, or other purposes)


* Can washing vegetables with soap and warm water remove all the dangerouspesticides?


chemical – a substance created in a laboratory for a particular purpose


* DDT used to be sprayed in agricultural areas, but now people know it is adangerous chemical that hurts birds and humans.


to sigh – to exhale 14 heavily; to breathe out through one’s mouth so that it can beheard, usually to show that one is tired or disappointed


* As Gabe stared out the window and thought about his mistakes, he sighed.


smoothie – a thick, cold drink made by mixing fruit, ice, and milk, juice, frozenyogurt, or ice cream in a blender


* Every morning, Helena makes a smoothie from bananas, frozen peaches, andnonfat milk.


high-fructose corn syrup 15 – a sweet liquid made from corn, often used as aninexpensive substitute for sugar in manufactured, processed foods


* Sindu won’t let his children eat anything made with high-fructose corn syrup.


to not want to put (someone) to any trouble – to not want to create problemsor additional work for another person


* I don’t want to put you to any trouble, but I’m allergic 16 to eggs, milk, and wheat,so I can’t eat anything you’ve served.


under (one’s) breath – said quietly so that another person cannot hear what onesays


* Huwasa was very frustrated 17 with her co-worker. When they finally finished theproject, she said, “We never would have finished this on time without your help,”


but under her breath she added, “but we probably would have finished it a weekearlier!”


COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS


1. What does Gabe originally offer to make for Helen?


a) A very spicy 18 sandwich.


b) A very large, filling sandwich.


c) A very good, tasty sandwich.


2. What is a smoothie?


a) A fruit salad.


b) A fruit-based drink.


c) A fruity dessert.


______________


WHAT ELSE DOES IT MEAN?


processed


The word “processed,” in this podcast, means manufactured, changed from thenatural form through some manmade process: “Processed food that has beenpackaged for weeks seldom tastes as good as natural, fresh food.” The verb “toprocess” can mean to handle paperwork: “How long will it take the agency toprocess our application for a business license 19?” The verb “to process” can alsomean to develop a photograph, printing it onto special paper: “Professionalphotographers might process hundreds of photographs before finding the onethey want to try to sell.” Finally, “data processing” refers to the process ofentering information into a computer and/or processing it: “Olive has a dataprocessingjob at the bank, where she spends all day typing account numbersinto a computer.”


greens


In this podcast, the word “greens” means leafy vegetables like lettuce, spinach,and kale: “Greens are a great source of fiber, vitamin A, and minerals.” In golf, a“green,” is the flat grassy 20 area around the hole where players are trying to hit theball: “Hank hit a great putt on the 13th green.” The word “green” can refer to aperson who cares about the environment or an action or attitude that benefits theenvironment: “Rachel Carson was one of the first American greens.” Or, “Theoffice is trying to become more green by encouraging recycling and installingenergy-efficient light bulbs.” Finally, a “green card” is the document that shows anon-U.S. citizen is legally allowed to live and work in the United States.


CULTURE NOTE


Health-Food and Diet FadsMany “fads 22” (ideas and behaviors that become very popular very quickly, andthen are forgotten) are related to food and especially healthy eating.


One past health-food fad 21 was the low-fat diet. People tried to minimize thepercentage of their “calories” (measurement of food energy) that came from fats.


Over time, people began to “differentiate” (see differences) among different typesof fats. They believed it was best to “avoid” (not have or use) “saturated fats”


(animal-based fats), but that “monosaturated” or “polysaturdated fats” could behealthy “in moderation” (without extremes; without too little or too much ofsomething). More recently, people have become concerned with avoiding “transfats” which are found in highly processed foods.


Over time, low-fat diets “gave way to” (lost popularity as something else becomesmore popular) low-“carb” (carbohydrate) diets and especially the Atkins diet.


People became “obsessed with” (very concerned and preoccupied 23 or alwaysthinking about) reducing the percentage of their calories that came fromcarbohydrates. They tended to eat a lot of “animal products” (foods made fromanimal sources), like meats and cheeses.


Other health-food fads focus on “vegetarian” (eating no meat) or “vegan” (eatingno meat, eggs, or milk) diets, eating only organic foods, or eating only local foodsthat are grown within a certain number of miles of where one lives.


Most “nutritionists” (doctors and others who specialize in knowing what peopleshould eat for good health) advise moderation in everything. They recommendeating a “balanced diet” (with a little bit of everything) that focuses on high-“fiber”


(the part of food that is not as easily digested), “whole” (not processed) foods,“complex carbohydrates” (carbs found in whole grains, not simple sugars), andreduced-fat “dairy products” (foods made from milk).


______________


Comprehension Questions Correct Answers: 1 – c; 2 – b


COMPLETE TRANSCRIPT 24


Welcome to English as a Second Language Podcast number 719: EatingUnhealthy Foods.


This is English as a Second Language Podcast episode 719. I’m your host, Dr.


Jeff McQuillan, coming to you from the Center for Educational Development inbeautiful Los Angeles, California.


Our website is eslpod.com. Support this podcast by becoming an ESL Podcastmember. When you do, you can download a Learning Guide for each episode.


This episode is called “Eating Unhealthy Food,” food that would be bad for yourhealth. We’ll listen to a dialogue between Helen and Gabe about someunhealthy foods. Let’s get started.


[start of dialogue]


Helen: So, what’s for lunch?


Gabe: Since you were nice enough to spend your Saturday morning helping 25 meout, I’ll make sandwiches for lunch. I know it doesn’t sound like much, but I makea mean sandwich.


Helen: That sounds good, but you’re not going to use those cold cuts, are you?


Gabe: I was. Why?


Helen: Those are processed meats made with additives and a lot of sodium –definitely not what you’d want to put into your body.


Gabe: I eat these kinds of cold cuts all the time.


Helen: You shouldn’t if you don’t want to eat a lot saturated fat.


Gabe: Okay, how about if I make us salads.


Helen: Not with those greens. Unless they’re organic, they’re full of pesticidesand chemicals.


Gabe: [sighs] All right, how about if I make us healthy smoothies?


Helen: Only if you use only fresh fruit. Bottled juices are full of high-fructosecorn syrup. Yuck!


Gabe: I’ve got a great idea.


Helen: What?


Gabe: You pick the restaurant and I’ll buy you lunch.


Helen: I don’t want to put you to any trouble.


Gabe: It’s no trouble at all. [Said under his breath] I’d do anything to get you outof my kitchen!


[end of dialogue]


Helen begins our dialogue by asking Gabe, “So, what’s for lunch?” meaning whatare we going to eat for lunch. Gabe says, “Since you were nice enough to spendyour Saturday morning helping me out, I’ll make sandwiches for lunch.” “To helpsomeone out” means to help another person. Here, “out,” like in a lot of phrasalverbs, has more of a meaning of emphasis. “To help someone” and “to helpthem out” are really the same thing. Often we use this when another personhelps you do some job that you need to get done; they don’t have to but theydecide to help you – they help you out.


Gabe is going to make sandwiches for lunch; he says, “I know it doesn’t soundlike much, but I make a mean sandwich.” The expression “to not sound likemuch” means to appear to be unimportant, not significant, no big deal. Gabesays he makes a mean (mean) sandwich. “Mean” isn’t a kind of meat orsomething you put in the sandwich. It’s an adjective which normally is negative;“to be mean” means to be unkind, not nice. But, it has an informal use, which isthat it is excellent, it is great. So, when Gabe says he makes a mean sandwich,he means he makes a very good sandwich. For some reason, there are lots ofwords in English that have a negative meaning in the dictionary in their normalmeanings, but for some reason have become positive in informal English. Thesechange every year; many of them are part of slang so I won’t talk about them atlength, but “mean” is an example of one that has been around for many years.


Helen says, “That sounds good, but you’re not going to use those cold cuts, areyou?” “Cold cuts” (cuts) are thin pieces of what we would call “processed” meat,things like bologna, pastrami, turkey, roast beef, ham; all of these could be called“cold cuts” when you cut them in thin pieces and use them for a sandwich.


Gabe says, “I was (meaning I was going to use the cold cuts). Why?” Helensays, “Those are processed meats made with additives and a lot of sodium.”


“Processed meats” are meats that are somehow changed; it’s not the same aswhen it came out of the animal. They have done something to it – added,subtracted, changed it somehow. “Process” has a couple of different meaningsin English however; take a look at our Learning Guide for some additionalexplanations. Processed meats often have additives. “To add” means to havemore of something, so an “additive” is something that is extra, something that isput in the food or some other substance in addition to what normally goes inthere. It could be a chemical; it could be some other substance; it could be justsomething to change the color of the food. “Sodium” is another word for salt.


Technically 26, it would be sodium chloride; in chemistry class you learn it as NaCl.


There was a great line that my chemistry teacher in high school taught us: “LittleJohnny took a drink / But little Johnny is no more / ‘Cause what he thought wasH2O / Was really H2SO4.” This has nothing to do with sodium now that I realizeit, but I love that little rhyme! “H2O” is water and “H2SO4” is sulfuric acid, whichwould kill you. That’s why little Johnny, when he drank the H2SO4 is no more,because he’s dead. For some reason, that’s the only thing I remember from myhigh school chemistry class!


Anyway, Helen says that you definitely do not want to put these processed meatsinto your body, meaning eat them. Gabe says, “I eat these kinds of cold cuts allthe time.” Helen says, “You shouldn’t if you don’t want to eat a lot saturated fat.”


“Saturated fat” is a type of fat that is solid, not liquid, at room temperature, mostlyfound in animal products. Saturated fat is thought to be bad for your heart,among other things. Helen says so if you don’t want saturated fat you should noteat cold cuts.


Gabe says, “Okay, how about if I make us salads.” Helen says, “Not with thosegreens.” “Greens” refer to vegetables – green vegetables, usually lettuce orspinach, perhaps kale; these are greens that you use in a salad. But Helen says,“Not with those greens. Unless they’re organic, they’re full of pesticides 13 andchemicals.” “Organic,” in general, means grown without using any artificial orman-made chemicals; it has more technical definitions depending on who youtalk to. Helen says that the greens are full of pesticides and chemicals.


“Pesticide” is a chemical used to kill bugs 27 and insects and other living things thatcould hurt or damage the vegetables or other food that you are growing. We callfood that you grow to eat “crops” (crops) – not to be confused with “crap” (crap),which is what you can buy at McDonald’s! Now, pesticides are supposed to killinsects, but some people think they also harm or can make humans sick.


“Chemicals” is a general word for any substance, in this case, created in a laboratory by scientists for a particular purpose. Again, it has a broader use,which we won’t talk about here.


Gabe sighs; he goes “hhhha.” “To sigh” is to breathe out through your mouth sothat other people can hear you; “hhhha,” that’s to sigh. Gabe sighs and says, “Allright, how about if I make us healthy smoothies?” A “smoothie” is a thick, colddrink made with fruit, ice, usually milk, some juice – some fruit juice, sometimeswith frozen yogurt or ice cream. It’s a thick fruity drink, you could call it. Helensays, “Only if you use only fresh fruit.” She says, “Bottled juices are full of highfructosecorn syrup. Yuck!” “High-fructose corn syrup” is a sweet liquid madefrom corn that is used many times instead of sugar in processed foods. It can befound in many different kinds of food. Some people think it’s bad for you, sothat’s why Helen says, “Yuck!” “Yuck” is a word we use to mean it doesn’t tastevery good; it’s not good for you to eat.


Gabe says, “I’ve got a great idea.” Helen says, “What?” Gabe says, “You pickthe restaurant and I’ll buy you lunch.” Helen says, “I don’t want to put you to anytrouble.” When you say you “don’t want to put (someone) to any trouble” youmean you don’t want to create problems for them; you don’t want to create extrawork for them. Of course, Helen doesn’t want to eat anything that Gabe ispreparing, so Gabe says okay, well let’s go to a restaurant, and you pick therestaurant. Helen is what we might call a “pain in the butt 28.” Gabe says, “It’s notrouble at all that,” but of course it is a trouble and so he says under his breath,“I’d do anything to get you out of my kitchen!” “To say something under yourbreath” means to say it quietly to yourself so that the other person can’t hear youor can’t hear exactly what you’re saying.


Now let’s listen to the dialogue, this time at a normal speed.


[start of dialogue]


Helen: So, what’s for lunch?


Gabe: Since you were nice enough to spend your Saturday morning helping meout, I’ll make sandwiches for lunch. I know it doesn’t sound like much, but I makea mean sandwich.


Helen: That sounds good, but you’re not going to use those cold cuts, are you?


Gabe: I was. Why?


Helen: Those are processed meats made with additives and a lot of sodium –definitely not what you’d want to put into your body.


Gabe: I eat those kinds of cold cuts all the time.


Helen: You shouldn’t if you don’t want to eat a lot saturated fat.


Gabe: Okay, how about if I make us some salads.


Helen: Not with those greens. Unless they’re organic, they’re full of pesticidesand chemicals.


Gabe: [sighs] All right, how about if I make us healthy smoothies?


Helen: Only if you use only fresh fruit. Bottled juices are full of high-fructosecorn syrup. Yuck!


Gabe: I’ve got a great idea.


Helen: What?


Gabe: You pick the restaurant and I’ll buy you lunch.


Helen: I don’t want to put you to any trouble.


Gabe: It’s no trouble at all. [Said under his breath] I’d do anything to get you outof my kitchen!


[end of dialogue]


Our scriptwriter helps us out every episode. That’s why we want to thank Dr.


Lucy Tse for her wonderful work.


From Los Angeles, California, I’m Jeff McQuillan. Thank you for listening. Comeback and listen to us again here on ESL Podcast.


English as a Second Language Podcast is written and produced by Dr. Lucy Tse,hosted by Dr. Jeff McQuillan, copyright 2011 by the Center for EducationalDevelopment.




1 glossary
n.注释词表;术语汇编
  • The text is supplemented by an adequate glossary.正文附有一个详细的词汇表。
  • For convenience,we have also provided a glossary in an appendix.为了方便,我们在附录中也提供了术语表。
2 insignificant
adj.无关紧要的,可忽略的,无意义的
  • In winter the effect was found to be insignificant.在冬季,这种作用是不明显的。
  • This problem was insignificant compared to others she faced.这一问题与她面临的其他问题比较起来算不得什么。
3 fiber
n.纤维,纤维质
  • The basic structural unit of yarn is the fiber.纤维是纱的基本结构单元。
  • The material must be free of fiber clumps.这种材料必须无纤维块。
4 additive
adj.附加的;n.添加剂
  • Colour is often an additive in foods.颜料经常是各种食物中的添加物。
  • Strict safety tests are carried out on food additives.对食品添加剂进行了严格的安全检测。
5 texture
n.(织物)质地;(材料)构造;结构;肌理
  • We could feel the smooth texture of silk.我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地。
  • Her skin has a fine texture.她的皮肤细腻。
6 additives
n.添加剂( additive的名词复数 )
  • chemical additives in petrol 汽油中的化学添加剂
  • It'says on the packet that these crisps contain no additives. 包装上说这些炸薯片不含添加剂。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 crackers
adj.精神错乱的,癫狂的n.爆竹( cracker的名词复数 );薄脆饼干;(认为)十分愉快的事;迷人的姑娘
  • That noise is driving me crackers. 那噪声闹得我简直要疯了。
  • We served some crackers and cheese as an appetiser. 我们上了些饼干和奶酪作为开胃品。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 sodium
n.(化)钠
  • Out over the town the sodium lights were lit.在外面,全城的钠光灯都亮了。
  • Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.食盐是钠和氯的复合物。
9 saturated
a.饱和的,充满的
  • The continuous rain had saturated the soil. 连绵不断的雨把土地淋了个透。
  • a saturated solution of sodium chloride 氯化钠饱和溶液
10 lettuce
n.莴苣;生菜
  • Get some lettuce and tomatoes so I can make a salad.买些莴苣和西红柿,我好做色拉。
  • The lettuce is crisp and cold.莴苣松脆爽口。
11 spinach
n.菠菜
  • Eating spinach is supposed to make you strong.据说吃菠菜能使人强壮。
  • You should eat such vegetables as carrot,celery and spinach.你应该吃胡萝卜、芹菜和菠菜这类的蔬菜。
12 pesticide
n.杀虫剂,农药
  • The pesticide was spread over the vegetable plot.菜田里撒上了农药。
  • This pesticide is diluted with water and applied directly to the fields.这种杀虫剂用水稀释后直接施用在田里。
13 pesticides
n.杀虫剂( pesticide的名词复数 );除害药物
  • vegetables grown without the use of pesticides 未用杀虫剂种植的蔬菜
  • There is a lot of concern over the amount of herbicides and pesticides used in farming. 人们对农业上灭草剂和杀虫剂的用量非常担忧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
14 exhale
v.呼气,散出,吐出,蒸发
  • Sweet odours exhale from flowers.花儿散发出花香。
  • Wade exhaled a cloud of smoke and coughed.韦德吐出一口烟,然后咳嗽起来。
15 syrup
n.糖浆,糖水
  • I skimmed the foam from the boiling syrup.我撇去了煮沸糖浆上的泡沫。
  • Tinned fruit usually has a lot of syrup with it.罐头水果通常都有许多糖浆。
16 allergic
adj.过敏的,变态的
  • Alice is allergic to the fur of cats.艾丽斯对猫的皮毛过敏。
  • Many people are allergic to airborne pollutants such as pollen.许多人对空气传播的污染物过敏,比如花粉。
17 frustrated
adj.挫败的,失意的,泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 );挫败;使受挫折;令人沮丧
  • It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
  • The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》
18 spicy
adj.加香料的;辛辣的,有风味的
  • The soup tasted mildly spicy.汤尝起来略有点辣。
  • Very spicy food doesn't suit her stomach.太辣的东西她吃了胃不舒服。
19 license
n.执照,许可证,特许;v.许可,特许
  • The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
  • The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。
20 grassy
adj.盖满草的;长满草的
  • They sat and had their lunch on a grassy hillside.他们坐在长满草的山坡上吃午饭。
  • Cattle move freely across the grassy plain.牛群自由自在地走过草原。
21 fad
n.时尚;一时流行的狂热;一时的爱好
  • His interest in photography is only a passing fad.他对摄影的兴趣只是一时的爱好罢了。
  • A hot business opportunity is based on a long-term trend not a short-lived fad.一个热门的商机指的是长期的趋势而非一时的流行。
22 fads
n.一时的流行,一时的风尚( fad的名词复数 )
  • It was one of the many fads that sweep through mathematics regularly. 它是常见的贯穿在数学中的许多流行一时的风尚之一。 来自辞典例句
  • Lady Busshe is nothing without her flights, fads, and fancies. 除浮躁、时髦和幻想外,巴歇夫人一无所有。 来自辞典例句
23 preoccupied
adj.全神贯注的,入神的;被抢先占有的;心事重重的v.占据(某人)思想,使对…全神贯注,使专心于( preoccupy的过去式)
  • He was too preoccupied with his own thoughts to notice anything wrong. 他只顾想着心事,没注意到有什么不对。
  • The question of going to the Mount Tai preoccupied his mind. 去游泰山的问题盘踞在他心头。 来自《简明英汉词典》
24 transcript
n.抄本,誊本,副本,肄业证书
  • A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
  • They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。
25 helping
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
26 technically
adv.专门地,技术上地
  • Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说,这是最先进的设备。
  • The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说,西红柿是一种水果,尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。
27 bugs
adj.疯狂的,发疯的n.窃听器( bug的名词复数 );病菌;虫子;[计算机](制作软件程序所产生的意料不到的)错误
  • All programs have bugs and need endless refinement. 所有的程序都有漏洞,都需要不断改进。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The sacks of rice were swarming with bugs. 一袋袋的米里长满了虫子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
28 butt
n.笑柄;烟蒂;枪托;臀部;v.用头撞或顶
  • The water butt catches the overflow from this pipe.大水桶盛接管子里流出的东西。
  • He was the butt of their jokes.他是他们的笑柄。
标签: ESL ESL英语
学英语单词
-istan
abruptly stressed
account form of profit and loss
active core void fraction
ad limina
advanced real-time instructor station
afterimagery
airport shuttle
Albert crepe
allowance for dependent
Amomum putrescens
ataxitic
Bacillus aureus
baldly
Balminil
be all things to someone
chinese drug
clearing heart and inducing resuscitation
clinical pediatrics
complexity
coutures
crossrod
Czarna
Człuchów
D-EB-B
Deutschlandlied
door-ways
eriocarpa
eutrema compactum o.e.schulz
fellowshipping
follow-up checklist
GD (grown-diffused)
give someone a lick with the rough side of one's tongue
gladiatorially
Glaserian
group capitals
gutter bolt
half crank
half-moon glasses
headcheeses
housatonic
INFUS
Itambé
kinnara
lighter clerk
luminance envelope
mawed
mechanical breakdown
melted state
Merian's formula
microdeletions
microneedles
milk-tooth
milli-lumens
moistening treatment
Mokelumne Hill
no claims
off the book payment
Panpurol
peaceful evolution
perbole
periclinal chimaera
periductular
planktonic species
plate molking
poecilogales
pontoon cover
primary application block
pyelorenal
ratify a convention
regrouping
reverse epoch
run macro
sabkha
schardt
second working
self involve
senilunar ganglion (or coeliac ganglion)
single-stages
skew symmetric operator
skipping bail
smoke-uptake
Spectam
spike tong
stacked job processing
steatites
stippling decoration
Sunnitized
surface range
target position finding
taxus sumatrana
telecontrol information
tergal muscle
the scores
TRUJILLO
Ulayi
unconfined blast
universal compiler (unicom)
Ural-Altaic
waist burnishing
Waterbeck
yattered