科学美国人60秒 SSS Great Migration Left Genetic Legacy
时间：2019-01-17 作者：英语课 分类：2016年Scientific American(十)月
It’s called the Great Migration 1—the journey of some six million African-Americans from the rural south to northern and western cities between 1910 and 1970. The cultural impact of the Great Migration has been well documented. But researchers have also started to look at its genetic 2 implications. The most recent study finds that the migration had a significant effect on genomic diversity across the nation. That work is in the journal PLOS Genetics. [Soheil Baharian et al, The Great Migration and African-American Genomic Diversity]
To estimate patterns of ancestry 3, researchers analyzed 4 genetic data from nearly four thousand African-Americans who had participated in three medical studies.
Their findings confirmed historical records—genetic evidence showed that female slaves often gave birth to children fathered by white slaveowners. The genetic analysis found that 82.1 percent of the average African-American’s ancestors came from Africa, while 16.7 percent were Europeans and 1.2 percent were Native American.
The team also could date when particular genes 5 entered the mix. Native American genes were introduced into the typical African-American genome in the early 1600’s. Genes from Europeans were for the most part introduced in the decades before and during the Civil War.
Researchers also found those still living in the southern United States have a greater percentage of African ancestry than those in the north or west. And European-Americans who now live in the south are more genetically 6 similar to African-Americans in the north and west than they are to African-Americans currently living in the South—because Blacks with a greater percentage of European ancestry were more likely to move, especially early in the migration’s history.
The analysis has implications for medical research and treatment. Most of the people in studies linking genes and disease have been white, thus potentially leaving gaps in medical information specific to other races. Filling in those gaps, along with better access to medical care, could help reduce the disparity in health experienced by many minority communities.
—Erika Beras
(The above text is a transcript of this podcast)
- Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
- He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
- It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
- Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
- Their ancestry settled the land in 1856.他们的祖辈1856年在这块土地上定居下来。
- He is an American of French ancestry.他是法国血统的美国人。
- The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程，因为对他来说，爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
- All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
- Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物