时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读


英语课

   一,非谓语动词的概念


  不能作谓语的动词形式就是非谓语动词,主要有以下三大类:分词、不定式和动名词。非谓语动词可以充当多种成分,如:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。下面我们将从句法功能入手来分析这三大类非谓语动词。
  二、非谓语动词的三夫类型
  1.分词 分词有两类,即现在分词和过去分词。从意义上来说,现在分词主要表示主动或进行状态;过去分词则体现被动或完成状态。分词在句中可作多种成分:
  ①分词作定语。例如: Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.(在该句中,gas后紧跟-个过去分词结构作其后置定语,表示一种被动状态,说明gas是被如何运输的。) The girl standing 1 there was crying.(在该句中,standing there作The girl的后置定语,且使用现在分词形式表主动。)
  ②分词作状语。例如: He glanced over at her, noting that though she was tiny,she seemed veny well put together.(在该句中,逗号后紧跟一个noting引导的分词结构,作glanced over at her的伴随状语,表示同时进行的动作。)
  2.不定式 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征,具体属于哪个特征应视所处语境而定。
  ①不定式作目的状语。例如:He sent his daughter to America to learn English.(在该句中,不定式to learn English作状语,说明去美国的目的。)
  ②不定式作宾语补足语。例如:We believe him to be guilty 2.(在该句中,不定式to be guilty作him的宾语补足语。)
  ③不定式作后置定语。例如:The topic to be discussed at the meeting is still unknown.(在该句中,不定式to be discussed作topic的后置定语。)
  ④不定式作主语。例如:To know oneself is difficult.(在该句中,不定式To know oneself作句子的主语。)
  ⑤不定式作表语。例如:My work is to clean the room every day.(该句为“主语+系动词十表语”结构,不定式to clean the room作表语。)
  3.动名词   动名词在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词尾加-ing,但其表达的动作意义不如现在分词强,因为动名词已经将动作名词化了,从某种意义上说,动名词就相当于名词、代词了。
  ①动名词作主语。例如:It’s necessary to be prepared for a job imterview;having the answers ready will be of great help.(在该句中,动名词结构having the answers ready充当后一分句的主语。)
  ②动名词作表语。例如:Her job was washing clothes.(该句为主系表句型,washing clothes是动名词结构,用作表语。)
  ③动名词作宾语。例如:I avoid telling Jane the truth because I knew she would be angry.(动名词结构telling Jane the truth在句中充当avoid的宾语,说明avoid的内容。)
  ④动名词作定语。例如:A sleeping car(表示“卧铺车”,sleeping表示car的功能;sleeping是动名词作定语。)试区分:A sleeping dog(表示“睡觉的拘”,sleeping是dog的动作;sleeping是现在分词作定语。)

n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
adj.犯罪的;有罪的;内疚的
  • There wasn't enough evidence to prove him guilty.没有充分的证据证明他有罪。
  • Really honest people are ofter made to feel guilty.真正老实的人常被弄得感到犯了罪似的。
标签: 英语六级
学英语单词
accurateness
active coded font
after-perpendicular
Al-Khalili
Alexander's Foot
allergen code/mnemonic/ description
Amiata, Mt.
ammonium cyanoaurite
Anek
Anorex
ash-blonder
at the end of this period
auto-correlation function
automatic opening
base substitution
basket central rate
be conscious
Birch reaction
black draught
blast furnace tear down apparatus
burning of rubber
casseer
cells of Corti
Clausthal-Zellerfeld
consumption map
corymbiferous
coup de foudre
day.
degenderizes
disazo pigment
distortion
drainage sucker
duponts
EGDF
eighth-round
electron admittance
employee id
engirt
expressure
extinctions
fancy finish
feeding pitch
fixed surface
flex stiffness
Galeobdolon yangsoense
gazebos
go way back
golf caddy
ground lever
half-track tape
Henderson's test
heras
hirschl
Iris japonica Thunb.
kalgoorlie-boulder
kelloe
leaderettes
leopard-bone wine
LPG distribution station
lubricating oil pressure
marching money
marginal species
master keys
maximum demanded power
mazda
meat separation
metalimnic
microbial cultivation
naringinase
operating system coupling
outer stroke
over-desirous
page address field
panel barrier
Patchen, Kenneth
phase alternating connection
pile footing
plasma membranes
poly(terephthaloyl-p-phenylene diamine) fibre
primary culture
profits warnings
propeller-type water turbine
pyroantimonates
reaches
rectifier wavemeter
respiratory regulation
restauranter
retain the memory of something
sea-coasts
serial pictures
shell-type traction transformer
skid rail
spinned
steam exhaust
steam heater battery
straight camber
suffle
teremp
thank you for your understanding
type model
ungradated
unshrubd