时间:2019-01-16 作者:英语课 分类:Weekender


英语课
BBC Learning EnglishWeekenderThe HousewifeYvonne: Hello, I'm Yvonne Archer 1 and this is Weekender frombbclearningenglish.com!
  Today, women’s lives around the world are often verydifferent from the lives of their grandmothers or eventheir mothers. And many women in Britain who don’t go outto work have been called ‘housewives’ over the years. Butare British ‘housewives’ happy with that term and whenwas it first used?
  Susie Dent 2 is an etymologist 3 – so she studies the originsof words and how they develop. Here, she’s speaking on BBCRadio 4’s “Woman’s Hour” – so she’s speaking quitequickly. But try to find out when the term ‘housewife’
  was first recorded in the Oxford 4 English Dictionary andwhether its definition was good or bad.
  INSERT – Susie Dent, EtymologistWell, it’s first recorded by the Oxford English Dictionaryin the 13th Century when it went very simply and veryneutrally “a woman who manages the affairs of herhousehold”.
  Yvonne: Did you manage to catch that? Yes, the term‘housewife’ was first recorded in The Oxford EnglishDictionary in the 13th Century – and Susie says thedefinition was very simple and it read very ‘neutrally’ -so housewives weren’t described as being either good orbad people. Here’s a chance to hear that definition again– but when was the 13th Century?
  INSERT – Susie Dent, EtymologistWell, it’s first recorded by the Oxford English Dictionaryin the 13th Century when it went very simply and veryneutrally “a woman who manages the affairs of herhousehold”.
  Yvonne: A ‘century’ is a hundred years and the 13thCentury was in the 1200s – so the term ‘housewife’ hasbeen around for a very long time! A housewife wasneutrally described as ‘a woman who manages the affairs ofher household’ – basically, she looked after everythingto do with her home and everyone in it. But as we’ll hear,300 years later – that’s three ‘centuries’ later’ –things changed and the term ‘housewife’ no longer had aneutral definition. But did things change for the better orfor the worse? Susie’s use of the word ‘dubious 5’ mighthelp you out...
  INSERT – Susie Dent, EtymologistBut then it started to follow a pattern that so many termsfor women do and then it started off neutral and then itgradually turned into something rather dubious. And threecenturies later, it really began to mean a worthless womanor even a promiscuous 6 one.
  Yvonne: Susie says that the term ‘housewife’ went from ‘neutral’ to ‘dubious’ – that’s doubtful and not verypositive - so things changed for the worse. And later on,women who were housewives were thought to be ‘worthless’
  - of very little use and even ‘promiscuous’… Housewiveswere described as women with very low, loose morals whoshowed inappropriate sexual behaviour. And otherterms for women such as ‘wife’ also suffered as Susiepoints out…INSERT – Susie Dent, EtymologistThree centuries later, it really began to mean a worthlesswoman or even a promiscuous one - which was slightlyalarming but as I say, not unusual for terms such as ‘wife’ – (is) another one that did the same thing.
  Yvonne: We’ve heard how historically, like other terms forwomen,‘housewife’ went from being a very neutral term toone that would certainly upset most women – and probablytheir husbands. But happily, it all changed for the betterand‘housewives’ became as proud of their title as otherpeople were of their university degrees!
  INSERT – Susie Dent, EtymologistOf course, in the 20th century, it was a source of pride.
  And you know, people were the homemakers and people talkedabout getting their ‘Mrs’ degree instead of a universitydegree.
  Yvonne: BBC Radio 4’s “Woman’s Hour” is now in its 60thyear and as part of it’s celebrations, the programmeconducted a poll – a survey - to find out how women todayfeel about the term ‘housewife’. This first woman findsthe term offensive, but why?
  INSERTI think ‘housewife’ is absolutely offensive to women. Itconjures up images of you being a frumpy old lady who justsits at home making jam and (has) got nothing better to do.
  Yvonne: That woman believes the term ‘housewife’ makespeople think of ‘frumpy’ women – unattractive, badlydressed women – who have nothing else to do except makejam. Jam's a combination of fruit and sugar that’s eatenon bread, for example so ‘housewife’ conjures 7 up a verynegative image. But this housewife has a very differentview. Listen out for the job that she comparesher own to…INSERTIt’s like running a team, isn’t it – exactly like beinga team leader. You have to divide your time, you have todivide your money... (It’s multi-tasking?) – Yes, it’sexactly the same isn’t it? It’s running a business butyou’re just running your children and your husband.
  Yvonne: She sees herself as a team leader in a business whohas to multi-task – she has to be able to do more than onething at the same time. In her job, she has to be able todivide her time and her money - but the business she’srunning is her children and her husband!
  Is the term ‘housewife’ used in your own area or country?
  Do you think theterm is a good one or a bad one? And what type of woman doyou think of –what images are conjured 8 up – when you think of a‘housewife’?
  Why not visit us at bbclearningenglish.com for a recap ofsome of today’s language to help you talk about that inEnglish after today’s Weekender!

n.射手,弓箭手
  • The archer strung his bow and aimed an arrow at the target.弓箭手拉紧弓弦将箭瞄准靶子。
  • The archer's shot was a perfect bull's-eye.射手的那一箭正中靶心。
n.凹痕,凹坑;初步进展
  • I don't know how it came about but I've got a dent in the rear of my car.我不知道是怎么回事,但我的汽车后部有了一个凹痕。
  • That dent is not big enough to be worth hammering out.那个凹陷不大,用不着把它锤平。
n.语源学
n.牛津(英国城市)
  • At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
  • This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。
adj.怀疑的,无把握的;有问题的,靠不住的
  • What he said yesterday was dubious.他昨天说的话很含糊。
  • He uses some dubious shifts to get money.他用一些可疑的手段去赚钱。
adj.杂乱的,随便的
  • They were taking a promiscuous stroll when it began to rain.他们正在那漫无目的地散步,突然下起雨来。
  • Alec know that she was promiscuous and superficial.亚历克知道她是乱七八糟和浅薄的。
用魔术变出( conjure的第三人称单数 ); 祈求,恳求; 变戏法; (变魔术般地) 使…出现
  • The word 'birthday' conjures up images of presents and parties. “生日”这个词使人想起礼物和聚会的情景。
  • The name Sahara conjures up images of a desert of aridity. "撒哈拉"这个名字使人想起干旱的沙漠情景。
用魔术变出( conjure的过去式和过去分词 ); 祈求,恳求; 变戏法; (变魔术般地) 使…出现
  • He conjured them with his dying breath to look after his children. 他临终时恳求他们照顾他的孩子。
  • His very funny joke soon conjured my anger away. 他讲了个十分有趣的笑话,使得我的怒气顿消。
学英语单词
alternative trunking
antenna coverage
Arnold Schwartzenegger
asthmatic
atheldom
bearing ball grinder
boiler with slag-tap furnace
Bromsebro
calspectrin
camgirls
campanal
carborubber
categorical measure
cedar mt.
Cepodem
cloth paper
cook book
cover
defection
Dengdeng
Denson Seamount
dishin'
endsay
estelle (extended state transition language)
eupiptic
external costs
favoid
foetid-
forge-test
Fresnel region of diffraction
gamma cascade
gap alignment
Gazzuolo
genus Hippeastrum
geodolite
handjar
Harveyville
heavy workload
hichiriki
Hostinné
htc
inclined pea sorter
innocent bystander
leather coat
light shot
litsea perrottetii
loading and unloading risks
lxxvier
malditas
malignant osteomyelitis
maxidresses
mesolithics
metasulfite
microbenchmark
mixed chancre
molecular probes
monocrystallines
Natural Bridges National Monument
niece fucker
O. Dan.
old-old
optimal trade policy
parameterless procedure
particular tenant
patchworked
patyl
piezo coupler
pneumatometers
polarized lenses
poor-men
procurement card
proemptosis
proton transfer polymerization
relational operation
rhachiodynia
rokitansky-aschoff duct
rond
room-only
rubber curry-comb
run-of-mill ore
sailor pants
Shinano River
side piling
simple meningitis
spring loaded contactor
stinking badger
stoller
stonemen
synmorphes(synmorphous)
tangled stems
thermal equivalent spectrum level
thingummies
ticketh
tileset
tof-sims
toss sth around
transfer convenience
trocaire
type cylinder typewriter
uterine microbiome
weighted residue
wine-shipper