时间:2018-12-01 作者:英语课 分类:历年考研英语阅读理解


英语课
[00:00.00]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作
[00:03.61]2001 Passage1
[00:11.16]Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem
[00:14.87]of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge.
[00:19.40]By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units,
[00:23.03]one man could continue to handle the information
[00:26.26]and use it as the basis for further research.
[00:29.68]But specialisation was only one of a series of
[00:32.91]related developments in science
[00:35.33]affecting the process of communication.
[00:38.85]Another was the growing professionalisation
[00:41.99]of scientific activity.
[00:44.91]No clear-cut distinction can be drawn
[00:47.29]between professionals and amateurs in science:
[00:50.93]exceptions can be found to any rule.
[00:54.91]Nevertheless, the word 'amateur' does carry a connotation
[00:59.35]that the person concerned is not fully 1 integrated into
[01:03.37]the scientific community and,
[01:05.21]in particular, may not fully share its values.
[01:10.35]The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century,
[01:13.90]with its consequent requirement of a longer,
[01:16.92]more complex training, implied greater problems for
[01:20.67]amateur participation 2 in science.
[01:24.50]The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of
[01:28.73]science based especially on a mathematical
[01:31.55]or laboratory training,
[01:33.78]and can be illustrated 3 in terms of the development
[01:36.79]of geology in the United Kingdom.
[01:40.62]A comparison of British geological publications
[01:43.90]over the last century and a half reveals not simply
[01:47.74]an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research,
[01:51.17]but also a changing definition of
[01:53.50]what constitutes an acceptable research paper.
[01:57.33]Thus, in the nineteenth century,
[01:59.54]local geological studies represented worth while
[02:02.68]research in their own right;
[02:05.12]but, in the twentieth century,
[02:07.13]local studies have increasingly become acceptable to
[02:10.17]professionals only if they incorporate,
[02:13.37]and reflect on, the wider geological picture.
[02:18.02]Amateurs, on the other hand,
[02:19.94]have continued to pursue local studies in the old way.
[02:23.87]The overall result has been to make entrance to
[02:27.20]professional geological journals harder for amateurs,
[02:31.12]a result that has been reinforced
[02:33.54]by the widespread introduction of refereeing,
[02:36.98]first by national journals in the nineteenth century
[02:40.65]and then by several local geological journals
[02:43.67]in the twentieth century.
[02:46.29]As a logical consequence of this development,
[02:49.41]separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards
[02:53.55]either professional or amateur readership.
[02:57.78]A rather similar process of differentiation
[03:01.00]has led to professional geologists 4 coming together
[03:04.15]nationally within one or two specific societies,
[03:08.48]whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain
[03:11.51]in local societies or to come together nationally
[03:15.05]in a different way.
[03:16.26]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作
[03:17.37]Although the process of professionalisation
[03:20.29]and specialisation was already well under way
[03:23.82]in British geology during the nineteenth century,
[03:27.45]its full consequences were thus delayed
[03:30.17]until the twentieth century.
[03:33.10]In science generally, however, the nineteenth century
[03:36.83]must be reckoned as the crucial period
[03:39.76]for this change in the structure of science.


1 fully
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
2 participation
n.参与,参加,分享
  • Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
  • The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。
3 illustrated
地质学家,地质学者( geologist的名词复数 )
  • Geologists uncovered the hidden riches. 地质学家发现了地下的宝藏。
  • Geologists study the structure of the rocks. 地质学家研究岩石结构。
学英语单词
0453
aeroelasticities
air-conductivity
alimentary tract
Alistair Maclean
anisoautopolyploidy
anisometropias
antipathise
apophis
argiope minuta
ASACIDURIA
associate program
audio queue
balanced approach
batdambang (battambang)
Bednja
birr (parsonstown)
braking ellipses
bully for
card puncher
cervinus
chafer
choi
complement relation
computer file
crimped angle
cross reference to
dapple grey
deeann
deformalized
distance by stadimeter
Doppler method
emerald moth
F duction
Ferroalabandine
Foster, Stephen (Collins)
FSAR (final safety analysis report)
garnisht
goom
Gosheim
hand-trip control
Hanha, R.
hardcoding
Heterocaryum
Hygrophorus tennesseensis
indication applied occurrence
initiator efficiency
IRS abatement
isopleric line
lens board
leprous nodule
Leukas
limit of enumeration
Litsea monopetala
long sieve frame
lovecraft
nitrogen blanketing
non-photosynthetic organ
non-saponifying oil
non-standard thread
nonresident software
panoraming
parallel program
pittites
platinumiridio
pliable
prairie rose
program-initiated data handling
pseudo monotone map
punctiliosity
refractory element
renaldi
rule of double criminality
salm
selenoproteins
septum renis
Sierolomorphidae
Silvaplaner See
slip-resistant tile
smear cell
standard label
standard reference condition for gases
substitution measurement
Surajgarh
switching capacity
syphilitic roseola
teratoclytus changi
terra silicea purificata
to kick
trizymal
tucker fuckers
tungsten-iridium thermocouple
two-doors
underdogger
understatedness
unhardened core
unhypocritically
vascule
virific
wait game
wines
yarn balance