时间:2018-12-01 作者:英语课 分类:历年考研英语阅读理解


英语课
[00:00.00]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作
[00:03.61]2001 Passage1
[00:11.16]Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem
[00:14.87]of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge.
[00:19.40]By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units,
[00:23.03]one man could continue to handle the information
[00:26.26]and use it as the basis for further research.
[00:29.68]But specialisation was only one of a series of
[00:32.91]related developments in science
[00:35.33]affecting the process of communication.
[00:38.85]Another was the growing professionalisation
[00:41.99]of scientific activity.
[00:44.91]No clear-cut distinction can be drawn
[00:47.29]between professionals and amateurs in science:
[00:50.93]exceptions can be found to any rule.
[00:54.91]Nevertheless, the word 'amateur' does carry a connotation
[00:59.35]that the person concerned is not fully 1 integrated into
[01:03.37]the scientific community and,
[01:05.21]in particular, may not fully share its values.
[01:10.35]The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century,
[01:13.90]with its consequent requirement of a longer,
[01:16.92]more complex training, implied greater problems for
[01:20.67]amateur participation 2 in science.
[01:24.50]The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of
[01:28.73]science based especially on a mathematical
[01:31.55]or laboratory training,
[01:33.78]and can be illustrated 3 in terms of the development
[01:36.79]of geology in the United Kingdom.
[01:40.62]A comparison of British geological publications
[01:43.90]over the last century and a half reveals not simply
[01:47.74]an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research,
[01:51.17]but also a changing definition of
[01:53.50]what constitutes an acceptable research paper.
[01:57.33]Thus, in the nineteenth century,
[01:59.54]local geological studies represented worth while
[02:02.68]research in their own right;
[02:05.12]but, in the twentieth century,
[02:07.13]local studies have increasingly become acceptable to
[02:10.17]professionals only if they incorporate,
[02:13.37]and reflect on, the wider geological picture.
[02:18.02]Amateurs, on the other hand,
[02:19.94]have continued to pursue local studies in the old way.
[02:23.87]The overall result has been to make entrance to
[02:27.20]professional geological journals harder for amateurs,
[02:31.12]a result that has been reinforced
[02:33.54]by the widespread introduction of refereeing,
[02:36.98]first by national journals in the nineteenth century
[02:40.65]and then by several local geological journals
[02:43.67]in the twentieth century.
[02:46.29]As a logical consequence of this development,
[02:49.41]separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards
[02:53.55]either professional or amateur readership.
[02:57.78]A rather similar process of differentiation
[03:01.00]has led to professional geologists 4 coming together
[03:04.15]nationally within one or two specific societies,
[03:08.48]whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain
[03:11.51]in local societies or to come together nationally
[03:15.05]in a different way.
[03:16.26]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作
[03:17.37]Although the process of professionalisation
[03:20.29]and specialisation was already well under way
[03:23.82]in British geology during the nineteenth century,
[03:27.45]its full consequences were thus delayed
[03:30.17]until the twentieth century.
[03:33.10]In science generally, however, the nineteenth century
[03:36.83]must be reckoned as the crucial period
[03:39.76]for this change in the structure of science.


1 fully
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
2 participation
n.参与,参加,分享
  • Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
  • The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。
3 illustrated
地质学家,地质学者( geologist的名词复数 )
  • Geologists uncovered the hidden riches. 地质学家发现了地下的宝藏。
  • Geologists study the structure of the rocks. 地质学家研究岩石结构。
学英语单词
aberrant thyroid in larynx
Albert's staining solution
anchored radio sonobuoy
anguidaes
antiepilepsirine
attenuator region
avenalin
bonelets
Bourdon-tube manometer
Breton
bring to anchor
cabbage maggot
car boot sale
causees
cheilomenes sexmaculata
cholesterol desmolase complex defect
christianable
cognitive meaning
colden common
comparable transaction
contact mechanics
crane jib
crognet
damped magnet
debt capital market
declaration of non-infringement
design review status recommendation
diet low-sodium
dissipated
dithiodilactic acid
DOCNET
facinerose
Falk rail-joint
fissura spheno-occipitalis
flyingdisk printer
folded-dipole antenna
font select
for'd
fugitive disentitlement
Gale's duality theorem
germ-disease
go over big
goes in
green mold of apple
guignardia manihoticola
hacking coughs
harmful pollutants
hemiketals
Hyalidase
insulated conductor strand
interindustrial analysis
intestinal neurogenic tumor
investigatory function
laid writing
laser-electrooptic technology
liquidize
locofocos
male gamete
marses
mechanical bathythermograph
mini-town
morphogenetic correlation
negativeness
Newman, Paul
newmanite
nuciferol
numerical analysis research
outward towage
over-revving
palatalizes
paleochannels
picking-up rope
polymineralization
preschool-age
protactinium pentafluoride
pseudoeutectic
purchasing information
quantitative and qualitative
radio-goniograph
radiolarians
range booster
raychem
relative boundary
renaissance-era
return cargo
sectarist
sheep's milk
shield cask
sourpuss
sousel (souzel)
strain proof
sunflowers
surf riders
tax escape valves
Teenage Mutant Hero Turtle
TOTP
transistor
travelle
tropicality
unearned discound
vulpinariness
wash and wear finishing