时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:2015年VOA慢速英语(十二)月


英语课

 



分词>第十二要点:<特殊现在分词短语>——赖世雄语法44


有些<分词短语>,有修饰整个句子的<副词>功能,形成了固定用法,通常它们放在句首,称作<特殊现在分词短语>。常用的有以下几个:


1,一般而言,男人比女人强壮。


——Generally speaking=in General=by and large


Generally speaking (the)man is stronger than (the) woman.


——当2个<名词>( man)和(woman)对称时,前面的<冠词> 可省略掉:


类似的例句:夫妻之间要有爱。


Ther’re must be trust [true love] between husband and wife.


2,严格来说,他还不够好。


Strictly 1 speaking he is not good enough. strictly


3,老实[坦白地]说,他不是我想要的人。


frankly 2 speaking= frankly=to be frank(with you)


Frankly speaking he is not a man I want. frankly


4,从他的外表来看,他似乎很有钱呀。


Judging from his appearance he seems to be rich.


~Considering -----------------------------------.


5,谈到他的小说,你也没有看他的作品。


Talking of [speaking of] a novels have you not read works.


6,根据约翰的说法,这场大火是早上10点发生的。break out突然发生


According to John the fire broke out at ten in the morning .


break out突然发生 爆发


注意:由于 因为 既然Seeing that=Now that=Since——<连词>


既然你现在没有时间,我会叫彼得取代你。


Seeing that you have no time I have Peter replace you .


——这里的have是<使役动词>,用法:[have+<宾语>+<原形动词>(<宾语补足语>)],译作“叫某人做什么事情”。曾说过的例子——


I had Peter do the work yesterday.


I had Johne wash my car yesterday.


<分词>要点第十三:<使役动词>


有些<使役动词>,用<分词短语>作<宾语补足语>。


和<使役动词>有关的<分词短语>,由于经常出现——习惯用法,所以要牢记:


1, 我让时钟开始走。I started the clock going.


2, 这个消息让我心悸不已。The news site my heart throbing . throb 3


3, 我很抱歉,让你等侯了。I’m sory to have kept you waited.


4, 我没办法被人了解。I couldn’t make myself understood.


5, 我的鞋修好了。I had my shoes mended.


——[had+<宾语>+<过去分词>]时,had,意思为“把”;见例句①


——[had+<宾语>+<原形动词>]时,had,意思为“叫”;见例句②


我把我的车洗好了。I had my car washed. ①


我叫他替我洗车。 I had him wash my carg. ②


这个用法跟get的概念一样,不过<宾语>之后不能加<原形动词>,要加to:


我把我的车洗好了。I got my car washed. ①


我叫他替我洗车。 I got him to wash my carg.


6, 他做了一套新西装。He got new suit made.= He had new suit made.


7a,你应该不要提这件事情的。He should leave it unsaid. “任由它不(被)说出来”


7b,你应该任由这工作不要被做,让工作动都不要动。——


He should leave that job undone 4.


leave vt. 听任 任由;


unsay vt. 收回(说过的话);此处的unsaid,是<过去分词> “不被说出来”


8, 我喜欢我的蛋(被)煮成是半熟的。I like my eggs half-boiled.


9, 我期望这东西下个礼拜天把它做完。I wish it(to be)finished next Sunday.


10, 我的表被偷了。I had my watch stolen. ——“我把我的表被人偷了。”


<动名词>——


<动名词>就是:[<动词>+ing],它跟<现在分词>形态一摸一样。怎么分辨呢?


<现在分词>通常做<形容词>用,或者表示一个进行的一种状态。比如:


①,他正在跳舞,He is dancing.


——dancing就是<现在分词>,表示一个进行的一种状态;


但是同样一个字dancing,可以是<动名词>。比如:


②,我的嗜好就是跳舞。My habit is dancing. 你可以句子颠倒过来说:


③,跳舞是我的嗜好。 Dancing is my habit.


——句③告诉我们,同样一个字dancing,在句③里,可以做<主语>,这个<主语>必须要有<名词>的功能,所以,这个<动词>变成的<名词>作<主语>的就叫做<动名词>。


由句①、③可知,关键是:不能看样子,要看功能,完全取决于功能。


④,我喜欢跳舞。 I enjoy dancing./ ⑤,我喜欢。 I enjoy nusic.


——dancing是作enjoy的<宾语>,也有<名词>的功能。就好像句⑤。


——句②和句③中的dancing,都具有<名词>的功能,


以上是大概的概念,以下作细一步讲解:<动名词>的形态,跟<现在分词>形态是完全一样的。看例子:


①,他正在跳舞, He is dancing. ——dancing是<现在分词>


②,他的嗜好就是跳舞。His habit is dancing. ——dancing是<动名词>


③,现在她不知道该怎么办,所以他感到羞耻。


Now no knowing how to do it he feels shamed.


——Now no knowing how to do it是<现在分词短语>


——Now no knowing how to do it它是是从:“Now he didn't know how to do it he feels shamed.”单句简化过来的。


④,现在不知道该怎么办,对他来讲是一种羞耻:


Now no knowing how to do it was a shame to him.


——Now no knowing how to do it是<动名词短语>,作了<主语>。完全取决于功能!


由于<动名词>跟<现在分词>的形态是完全相同,因此往往将它们混为一谈,以至于在从事翻译时,造成一时的偏差,所以需要谨慎。破解这个问题的秘密就要牢记:<动名词>是<动词>变成的<名词>,具有<名词>的性质。我们都知道<名词>在句中它可以当<主语>/<宾语>/<宾语>/<补语>,同样,<动名词>在句中它也可以当<主语>/<宾语>/<宾语>/<补语>。


1,<动名词>在句中它也可以当<主语>——


①,跟他一起工作有趣。


Working with him is fun.——Working with him,<动名词短语>。


②,眼见为凭。Seeing is believing.——Seeing,<动名词>。


③,失去了他的财富,逼得他发疯了。


Losing his fortune drove him mad [crazy].


drive vt. 逼迫 驾驶; mad [crazy]:him后头通常用<形容词>作<补语>。


④,Now no knowing how to do it was a shame to him.


注意——


1,上诉例子中的Working / Seeing / Loosing / no knowing均作<主语>,所以称作<动名词>。


2, <动名词>作<主语>时,仍有<动词>的意味,所以:假如某<动名词>原来的<动词>是“vt.”的话,该<动名词>后头还是需要放置<宾语>的。其<宾语>即使是复数,但所形成的<动名词短语>仍视为单数,后头的<动词>要用单数——


爬山有助于让每个人的紧张情绪松弛下来。


Climbing mountains help(to)relax a tension.×


Climbing mountains helps(to)relax a tension.√


3,<动名词短语>作<主语>时,也可以被虚<主语>“it”来代替,而将该<动名词短语>移到句尾,并且将<动名词短语>改成<不定式短语>——


①,Climbing mountains helps(to)relax a tension.→


It helps(to)relax a tension to climb mountains.


②,Losing his fortune drove him mad [crazy]. →


It drove him mad [crazy] to lose his fortune.


③,Now no knowing how to do it was a shame to him. →


It was a shame to him to not know how to do it


重点单词 关闭全部解释  


 strictly['striktli]


adv. 严格地


 fortune['f?:t??n]


n. 财产,命运,运气


 frank[fr??k]


adj. 坦白的,直率的,真诚的


vt. 免费


 appearance[?'pi?r?ns]


n. 外表,外貌,出现,出场,露面


联想记忆


 unsaid[,?n'sed]


adj. 未说出口的;未用语言表达出来的 v. 取消;撤


 replace[ri(:)'pleis]


vt. 取代,更换,将物品放回原处


 tension['ten??n]


n. 紧张,拉力,张力,紧张状态,[电]电压




1 strictly
adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地
  • His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
  • The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。
2 frankly
adv.坦白地,直率地;坦率地说
  • To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说,我一点也不赞成这个主意。
  • Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说,我不反对改革。
3 throb
v.震颤,颤动;(急速强烈地)跳动,搏动
  • She felt her heart give a great throb.她感到自己的心怦地跳了一下。
  • The drums seemed to throb in his ears.阵阵鼓声彷佛在他耳边震响。
4 undone
a.未做完的,未完成的
  • He left nothing undone that needed attention.所有需要注意的事他都注意到了。
学英语单词
Achilles(') spear
acutangularis
affirm to
air-and-exercise
alboka
Alirajpur
alkakengi
atmospheric monitoring satellite
backing storage, backing store
blood vessel prosthesis
blumea conspicua
buckboards
cam ejector
casemods
Cehegin
ciudad delicias
cord dorsum potential
counterintention
cousyn
cup-type elevator
Dayton Accord
double j groove weld
drive enclosure
dutsan wai
emergency credit
endpoint analysis
fault-tolerant control
fletts
functional morphologic analysis
gastrohydrorrhea
gilmartin
greco c.
hairy squash
hand-made glass
head of floor
hexahydrotetraketopyrimidine
high-tempo
hot-pressed iron compact
hourly rate option
hours of service
human psychopathology
hyons
icterohematuria
in fruit
INHG
initial cell wall
inter - arrival time
ionization screen
Irregulares
isolating damper
kohlerias
liements
light-negative
lintensity meter
lovat r.
lute-backed
masking reagent
minimum carriage requirement
National Association of Free Will Baptists
nonaccomplishments
Nondalton
nonulose
normalized float-point integer
old-master
overload controller
oxygenated water
paleomagnetic belt
palustric acid
Pavias
pcf.
pea-time's past
Pelsin
periodic envelope
pinch-off
Pisonia
plant coenology
polychloroethene
prespired
Primula maximowiczii
Quatra
round-about method of production
rubble
sfwa
shackbolt
Silton
sodium silicate mastic
spring tine shank
steam valve body
stheno-
stori
stupose
tacamahack
tamm dancoff approximation
telecommunications industry
tetraodon meleagris
thriving and prosper
titi families
ultraplankton
unstitches
water transportation research institute
yeilding
zographer