时间:2018-12-12 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

   英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。


  增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如:
  (1)What about calling him right away?
  马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何? (增译主语和谓语)(2)If only I could see the realization 1 of the four modernizations 2.
  要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)(3) Indeed, the reverse is true
  实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)
  (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
  Even the people in the fascist 3 countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)(5)只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。
  While the magistrates 4 were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词)(6)这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。
  This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)(7)在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
  In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying 5 the weak.(增译暗含词语)(8)三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。
  Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语)

1 realization
n.实现;认识到,深刻了解
  • We shall gladly lend every effort in our power toward its realization.我们将乐意为它的实现而竭尽全力。
  • He came to the realization that he would never make a good teacher.他逐渐认识到自己永远不会成为好老师。
2 modernizations
n.现代化,现代化的事物( modernization的名词复数 )
  • Let's pull together for the early realisation of the four modernizations. 为了早日实现四个现代化,让我们齐心协力地干吧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Stability and unity are a prerequisite to the four modernizations. 安定团结是实现四个现代化的前提。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
3 fascist
adj.法西斯主义的;法西斯党的;n.法西斯主义者,法西斯分子
  • The strikers were roughed up by the fascist cops.罢工工人遭到法西斯警察的殴打。
  • They succeeded in overthrowing the fascist dictatorship.他们成功推翻了法西斯独裁统治。
4 magistrates
地方法官,治安官( magistrate的名词复数 )
  • to come up before the magistrates 在地方法院出庭
  • He was summoned to appear before the magistrates. 他被传唤在地方法院出庭。
5 bullying
v.恐吓,威逼( bully的现在分词 );豪;跋扈
  • Many cases of bullying go unreported . 很多恐吓案件都没有人告发。
  • All cases of bullying will be severely dealt with. 所有以大欺小的情况都将受到严肃处理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
标签: 笔译
学英语单词
acid trap
adjacent subareas
alexander vis
anticatalytic property
April-fools
aslide
auto-call
blood sampling pipet
blow off some steam
botulotoxin
bowing under load
bustle with
camber blades
celanna
cocklebur
complete liquid miscibility
concept database design methodology
cottontail rabbits
courts act
crystal quartz flour
cut-and-trial
cylindrical-coordinate robot
daughter track
die chaser
discusses
divisional bond
double auction method
dungeon masters
egorova
enamel insulation
epihetacillin
equipotential point
euphorbine
european wood mice
Farne Islands
fasciculi subcallosus
female-sterile mutant
file oriented programming
fleume
full factoring
genitories
guidage
gyrotory crusher
high water-content crude oil
horizontal slip
Igok
importing economy
indooroutdoor
inlet guide vane
instrument controller
jean cauvins
Kukan
large-duty
latest finishing time
lemeunier
Leopold and Loeb
long-sufferings
mid-span spacing
Moisburg
mudda fucka
national information center for education
negotiable certificate of time deposit
newells
nuchal fold
nyhe
Opalenie
orbitron
paint grade titanium dioxide
partial pediment
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polytopy
polyuridylated
pulmonary respiration
reversible pump turbine
rextinction
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rogozhins
Sahelian
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Scottish National Party
shift system
social contradictions
spring structure
startup power range
steam-purity value
strained layer
svmnobacteria
Talfan
tapped transformator
to snitch
typomaniac
up the weoden hillto Bedfordshire
urinoid
vat dyeing
Westcott model
windbag
Winterton-on-Sea
xyluketose-1-phosphate
you'all
yoyn
zachry