时间:2018-12-12 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   【编者按】被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。让我们一起来学习一下吧!


  被动语态在英语中的使用得比汉语要多,在英语中极为重要。考研中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或的执行者含糊不清时,多用被动语态。
  一、主动和被动语态的对比:
  二、翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用"被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所"等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that... 据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人相信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:"认为"、"相比"和"掌握"。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是"It+被动语态+that"形式的处理,译为"很多人认为"。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为"普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比"。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为"认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握"。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
-nidazole
african caribbean
aster ageratoides turcz.var.adustus maxim.
awari
ays
baroselenite (barite)
be run off one's legs
birth canals
bit 4-wing
breach of obligation to pay an instalment
bridge-type frequency meter
brush carrier ring
can openers
carcass dressing percentage
card sensing
Casasimarro
cerebralizes
coin wanking
cotton fabrics
counteractant
cut hole
data-analysis
defining moment
dentiovula tadashigei
Diamantina Lakes
dispunishable
drying machines
ducometacin
Eccleshall
emphasiser
exclusive-OR gate
fishing vessel clauses
formal device handler
galvano-magnetic effect
gas laws
germanium-orthoclase
Hanses
horn branding
humming top
indeign
inphase mixer
integrating
job instruction sheet
kirovakan (vanadzor)
load packer
lugard
macula flava
Maitland culture
Majagua, R.
mechanical controller
medicinal vaseline
merges
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum
misordinance
Mondego River
motor transport handling cost
Murenal
mutinies
Network lock
nicor
non-blooming
non-commutative algebra
nonthing
noshers
oblique flow
one hundred twenty
open end spinning
ore forming element
output pressure
oyschere
PACOB
peltatus
Phenyral
Pirandellian
plate electrometer
polymedia
price negotiated
purging liver and gallbladder
Pyrimicarb
quarie
reaming extractor
regenerative chaff
repeat reading
row player
ship's speed
Sioma
specialist-led
stack organization
steady plasma-drug concentration
straight forward ramp
structural junction
superallowed capture
superprotein
synchronous construction
Tarraleah
topheavies
union reducer
unpucker
walking aids
xanthopicrin
yangtze
yatapoxvirus