时间:2019-02-19 作者:英语课 分类:GRE作文


英语课

   首先要说明一点,所谓“小词”并非俚语。由于评分标准明确要求使用standard written English(标准书面英语(论坛)),因此非正式的俚语、俗语、外来语都不被建议在写作中使用。“小词”??——smart word,指的是一些看似稀松平常普普通通的单词的精妙用法。主要包括以下几种情况:


  一.具体—抽象:
  所谓具体到抽象指的是把一个单词的具体含义进行引申从而用在某些抽象的场合。下面我们来看几个例子。
  1.Bask 1. Bask这个单词表示晒太阳,由此可以引申出沉浸,沐浴在(胜利,喜悦,赞美,关怀中)。如bask in the glory of world cup (沉浸在世界杯的荣耀中)或者bask in jubilance.(沉浸在喜悦中)2.Brew 2. Brew这个单词也很熟悉,表示酿酒,一引申就可以变成酝酿这个抽象含义。如每逢战争即将打响,我们可以说Storms are brewing 3 on every frontier.(每个边境上都酝酿着风暴。)3. Swallow. Swallow表示吞咽东西,也就是不加咀嚼地吃东西,因此当我们在描述一个人不加思考就轻易相信别人时,就可以使用这个单词。如Surely, I know better than to swallow his words.(我当然不会傻到就这样相信他的鬼话)有时也可以表示取消,如He had to swallow his words.(他不得不取消前言。)4.Gnaw 4. Gnaw指的是小动物,如啮齿类动物,咬,啃。稍加引申就变成了使烦恼、折磨。如The feeling of guilt 5 gnawed 6 at my conscience day and night.(内疚日夜折磨着我的良心。)5. Wean. Wean原义指新生儿断奶,引申为使断绝、使戒掉、使放弃。如These plants have succeed in weaning from the green house environment.(这些植物已经成功摆脱了对温室环境的依赖。)二.由人到物
  所谓由人到物是指这个单词原本形容人,而在某些场合中可以采用“拟物”的手法,形容物体或事件。
  1.Flatter. Flatter指谄媚、奉承。拟物后可以表示(照片、画像等)比真人好看。如You are surely flattered by this dress.(你穿这衣服更漂亮了。)2.Flirt 7. Flirt最熟悉的意思是调情,而事实上,它还可以表示不当真的对待、玩笑地对待。如Flirt with the idea of resigning (脑子里一直浮现辞职的念头)3. Conspire 8. conspire形容人同谋、密谋,也可以形容事物联合发生共同导致(不良后果)。如Wretched weather, nasty food and disgusting companions conspired 9 to reduce my picnic to be a wet blanket.(糟糕的天气,难吃的东西,不喜欢的人,我的野餐真倒霉。)4.Coax 10. Coax指人用好话劝、哄诱,指物的时候作耐心地处理、小心摆弄的意思。如Pianists have their own difficulties on the piano hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed 11 not to sound like percussion 12.(钢琴演奏家也有自己的困难处,钢琴上的用来击弦的小锤务必仔细摆弄,以免听起来像打击乐。)三.本意引申
  有些单词在长期使用中,可能会慢慢衍变成其他我们更熟悉的含义。但是有时恰恰是它的本来意思可以引申出一些奇妙的用法。
  1.Throw. Throw原本指的是人在马背上,被马突然摔在地上。因此就有了这样的用法,表示使处于、使陷入(某种状态中)。如Thousands were thrown into homeless by the war. (战争使千万人无家可归。)2.Pitch. Pitch除了表示投、掷等意思外,还可以指定标准、用合适的角度、方式表达。这是由于在古希腊的时候,运动会上往往会通过投掷标枪确定一条合格线,因此这个词就慢慢有了定标准这层意思。如The program was pitched at just the right level.( 大纲所定的水平恰到好处。)3.Blood. Blood鲜血。猎人在猎狐和狗在第一次出猎前给它们尝血的味道。引申后表示使新手取得初次经验。如Many revolutionary devotees were blooded in Wuchang Uprise.( 武昌起义使很多热血志士首次经受革命的洗礼。)四.名词—动词
  不同词性之间的转换也是小词活用的一个思路,这里我们讲讲相对较为普遍也容易掌握的名词到动词的活用。
  1.Bridge. Bridge,桥梁。桥梁的作用很显然是连接,因此它做动词就可以表示连接、消除(隔阂、鸿沟等)。如bridge chasm 13, silence, difference, generation gap(弥合裂缝,打破冷场,消除分歧,弥合代沟)2.Budget. Budget名词表示预算,动词为合理安排。如She is extremely busy, so she has to budget her time carefully.(她忙极了,所以必须好好安排时间。)3.Toy. Toy是玩具的意思,由这个名词演变出的动词可以表示漫不经心地考虑、摆弄。如She toyed with a pencil, brooding on something like a hen.(她摆弄着铅笔,似有心事。)4.Bracket. Brackets 复数形式表示括号。动词bracket指把某和某归入一类,相提并论,Jones and Smith were bracketed in a tie for the first prize. (约翰和史密斯双双被评为头奖。)以上就是新GRE作文中,想要取得新GRE写作高分需要的一些GRE写作技巧。目标在于生动论证,所以考生们应该更加注重灵活的运用这些小技巧,达到高分目的。新东方小编祝您考出好成绩!
 

vt.取暖,晒太阳,沐浴于
  • Turtles like to bask in the sun.海龟喜欢曝于阳光中。
  • In winter afternoons,he likes to bask in the sun in his courtyard.冬日的午后,他喜欢坐在院子晒太阳。
v.酿造,调制
  • Let's brew up some more tea.咱们沏些茶吧。
  • The policeman dispelled the crowd lest they should brew trouble.警察驱散人群,因恐他们酿祸。
v.不断地啃、咬;使苦恼,折磨
  • Dogs like to gnaw on a bone.狗爱啃骨头。
  • A rat can gnaw a hole through wood.老鼠能啃穿木头。
n.犯罪;内疚;过失,罪责
  • She tried to cover up her guilt by lying.她企图用谎言掩饰自己的罪行。
  • Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.别因为功课责备孩子而使他觉得很内疚。
咬( gnaw的过去式和过去分词 ); (长时间) 折磨某人; (使)苦恼; (长时间)危害某事物
  • His attitude towards her gnawed away at her confidence. 他对她的态度一直在削弱她的自尊心。
  • The root of this dead tree has been gnawed away by ants. 这棵死树根被蚂蚁唼了。
v.调情,挑逗,调戏;n.调情者,卖俏者
  • He used to flirt with every girl he met.过去他总是看到一个姑娘便跟她调情。
  • He watched the stranger flirt with his girlfriend and got fighting mad.看着那个陌生人和他女朋友调情,他都要抓狂了。
v.密谋,(事件等)巧合,共同导致
  • They'd conspired to overthrow the government.他们曾经密谋推翻政府。
  • History and geography have conspired to bring Greece to a moment of decision.历史和地理因素共同将希腊推至作出抉择的紧要关头。
密谋( conspire的过去式和过去分词 ); 搞阴谋; (事件等)巧合; 共同导致
  • They conspired to bring about the meeting of the two people. 他们共同促成了两人的会面。
  • Bad weather and car trouble conspired to ruin our vacation. 恶劣的气候连同汽车故障断送了我们的假日。
v.哄诱,劝诱,用诱哄得到,诱取
  • I had to coax the information out of him.我得用好话套出他掌握的情况。
  • He tried to coax the secret from me.他试图哄骗我说出秘方。
v.哄,用好话劝说( coax的过去式和过去分词 );巧言骗取;哄劝,劝诱
  • She coaxed the horse into coming a little closer. 她哄着那匹马让它再靠近了一点。
  • I coaxed my sister into taking me to the theatre. 我用好话哄姐姐带我去看戏。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
n.打击乐器;冲突,撞击;震动,音响
  • In an orchestra,people who play percussion instruments sit at the back.在管弦乐队中,演奏打击乐器的人会坐在后面。
  • Percussion of the abdomen is often omitted.腹部叩诊常被省略。
n.深坑,断层,裂口,大分岐,利害冲突
  • There's a chasm between rich and poor in that society.那社会中存在着贫富差距。
  • A huge chasm gaped before them.他们面前有个巨大的裂痕。
标签: GRE 作文
学英语单词
abnormal phoneme
afans
airborne detector
all in all
aluminium flakes
ampere gauge
art-house
asparagus beetle
basalia
beam tie
belt respirator
beta-hydroxybutyric acid
bolti
brachial cell
bucket lanyard
bwould
bytesize
cavitation level
charadriidaes
Chasetown
chemorheology
close range firing
coal injection
cold heartedly
colour hue
conditions of an action
conservation of leptons
cyst of Bartholin's gland
denaturing gradient polyacrylamide gel
dentin hypersensitiveness
derogateth
dihexylsulfoxide
directing line
disappearing bone disease
discharge coefficient of flow nozzle
distal over bite
eppa
foamed silicate
fuks
full - scale model
full-frequency range recording
fuse boxes
gas law
genetic manipulation
gimbal
goatee
grand arcade
human character
hydrastinine hydrochloride
intermittent cholera
kassiterotantalite (ixiolite)
kickdown
leptin
level measurement instrument
Lithocarpus handelianus
magnetohydrodynamic wind tunnel
magnetoplasmaron
mangoldwurzels
margauxes
material logic
Midwest City
modelling process
Moindou, Circonscription de
Morr.
multitheater
musculi depressor labii inferioris
negotiation of bills
neutralizing cell
optional coach
peach blight
pet projects
piezo-electric microphone
poerson
Polichnitos
Portugeezers
positive skewness
preliminary compression
pseudo-random pulse
radja
rami gingivales
re-exercise
reducer for conveyer
relay protection equipment
rotation coil magnetometer
second wheel lock spring
Sibiribaro
single capstan tape drive
single-column manometer
slop up
species-specificity
stability of gyroscope
stipulated damages
succinylations
three-quarter shot
tin telluride
top-fuel
traumatic dislocation
tropicomya pilosa
uprighted
VMAT
Volatility Quote Trading
Wattenheim