时间:2019-02-09 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

 动物比喻(Animal Metaphors)在英汉两种语言中均有广泛的使用,它使语言生气勃勃,形象鲜明。然而,由于文化背景、思维方式的不同,人们对动物比喻的正确理解和翻译存有障碍。从翻译的角度总体说来,动物比喻可以分为两大类:


一类是:译语与原语存在对应的关系,使动物形象再现成为可能。根据两种语言在意义、形象或风格上的相似性,翻译时可采用同值、近值互借法,以再现原语形象。例如:
1.What a dull speech! He's merely parroting what many others have said. 多么单调乏味的讲话!他不过是鹦鹉学舌,重复许多人说过的话而已。
2.A wolf in sheep's clothing 披着羊皮的狼
3.One swallow does not make a summer. 孤燕不成夏。
4.He is as sly as a fox. You've got to watch him. 他狡猾得像个狐狸。对他你可要当心点儿。
5.You stupid ass 1! How could you do a thing like that? 你这头蠢驴!怎么会干出那种事儿来?
6.The children were as busy as bees, making preparations for the festival. 孩子们准备过节忙得像蜜蜂一样。
另一类是:同一动物形象在原语和译语中的语用意义相去甚远,甚至完全相悖。因此,在翻译过程中就出现了动物形象名称的转换。这种动物形象的转换可以是一种动物形象转换为另一种动物形象。例如:
1.Talk horse. 吹牛。(horse译为“牛”)
2.Ass in a lion's skin. 狐假虎威。(ass译为“狐”,lion译为“虎”)
3.Black sheep. 害群之马。(sheep译为“马”)
4.Lock the stable door after the horse is stolen. 亡羊补牢。(horse译为“羊”)
5.Cast pearls before swine. 对牛弹琴。(swine译为“牛”)
6.When the cat is away, the mice will play. 山中无老虎,猴子称大王。(cat译为“老虎”,mice译为“猴子”)
7.As hungry as a bear. 饿得像狼。(bear译为“狼”)
8.Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs. 杀鸡取卵。(goose译为“鸡”)
9.As timid as a hare. 胆小如鼠。(hare充为“鼠”)
10.Neither fish, flesh nor fowl 2. 非驴非马。(fish, flesh译为“驴”owl译为“马”)
11.Break a fly upon the wheel. 杀鸡用牛刀。(fly译为“鸡”)
另一方面,在翻译专利号,一种动物形象转换成人的形象(transfer of Denomination 3 between Animals and Human Beings.)则主要是依据动物自身的习性、特点以及该词汇的内涵和具体的语境而定。例如:
1.Every dog has his day. 凡人皆有得意日。
Help a lame 4 dog over stile. 救人之急;帮助人度过难关。
A dog in the manger. 占着茅坑不拉屎。(dog译为“人”)
2.Bill is taking his bird to the pictures tonight. 比尔今晚带着他的女朋友去看电影。(bird译为“女朋友”)
3.In the city I was nothing, but there in the countryside I was considered a big fish. 在城里我还是什么人物,但是在乡下我却被认为是个了不起的人物。(fish译为“人物”)
4.Don't listen to her gossip; she is a cat. 别听她搬弄是非,她是个心地恶毒的女人。(cat译为“心地恶毒的女人”)
5.“Don't be scared, Chickens!”came her voice with teasing gaiety. “另害怕,胆小鬼们!”她开玩笑地说。(chickens译为“胆小鬼”)
6.The lions at her party included two famous authors and a musician. 她宴请的社会名流包括两名作家和一名音乐家。(lions译为“社会名流”)
在以上例子中,动物形象的相互转换主要是由于文化传统、风俗习惯以及民族的思维定式的差异造成的,使用的是词汇的概念含义。而动物形象与人的形象之间的转换则是根据该动物形象所处的具体的语境和由其概念含义所引发的关联含义来决定的。翻译过程中出现的这种动物形象的喻体转换丰富了动物成语的内涵,同时,它作为一种重要的修辞手法,创造出生动、鲜明的形象,能产生良好的艺术效果。

n.驴;傻瓜,蠢笨的人
  • He is not an ass as they make him.他不象大家猜想的那样笨。
  • An ass endures his burden but not more than his burden.驴能负重但不能超过它能力所负担的。
n.家禽,鸡,禽肉
  • Fowl is not part of a traditional brunch.禽肉不是传统的早午餐的一部分。
  • Since my heart attack,I've eaten more fish and fowl and less red meat.自从我患了心脏病后,我就多吃鱼肉和禽肉,少吃红色肉类。
n.命名,取名,(度量衡、货币等的)单位
  • The firm is still operating under another denomination.这家公司改用了名称仍在继续营业。
  • Litre is a metric denomination.升是公制单位。
adj.跛的,(辩解、论据等)无说服力的
  • The lame man needs a stick when he walks.那跛脚男子走路时需借助拐棍。
  • I don't believe his story.It'sounds a bit lame.我不信他讲的那一套。他的话听起来有些靠不住。
标签: 翻译
学英语单词
'Alalākeiki Channel
abjuration oaths
adoptive siblings
afterdinner
air shuttle
alivenesses
amatuer
anoas
appendiculate
Batnickoin
be young at
bright points
Bugφynes
characterization foctor
chollet
chromium-nickel electrode
clipping planes
cloy
code of Hammarabi
congested problem
CONSER
coronis
cost accounting period
crisscross motion
cross my heart and hope to die
crystallization texture
culex (culex) vagans
daughter nucleus
Dhanerogenetic
distribution expense
Dutch foil
erythrocytorrhexis
exagerate
fluid-bed flowmeter
fragmented
full-ranges
glass glaze condenser
great-grandchildren
hallens
helical manometer
hieroglyphic writing
home ports
hoplia simillima
insertion sort
inverse regular representation
Jaori
kleinbaum
Koltogorsk
labyrinth box
like new conditions
linstocks
low-head cyclonic-type separator
Masumba Internat Airport
mechanized poultry house
milling jack
minibiography
mobile winder
mofet
n-butyl-alpha-methacrylate
natheless
non-erasable
noncontact thermometer
noncrippled
nonepic
optical emission analytical instrument
pair-closure
phyllitic
plumber white
poi nt
police-vehicle
politize
positive-sense strand
primary hyperlipoproteinemia
primary time and frequency standard
protovertebral
quality target
raitt
rami striati
rattlesnake masters
reknotted
relief cock
residents' association
right flank
roan duck
rorantists
rotary meter
rustic masonry
Samsung Tower
semibullvalene
size group
subsynoptic scale weather system
T-track
tephrochronology
Timrå
tripe de roche
twin brother
uneven injection
upper/lower internals storage ring
vaginoscop
vision frequency
wassail bowl, wassail cup
yield per ha