2006年VOA标准英语-Targeting Counterfeit Drugs in Uganda

By Carolyn Weaver 1
Uganda
15 June 2006
 
watch Uganda Fake Drugs report

Stopping the sale of counterfeit 2 and substandard drugs is a priority for many developing countries, including Uganda. Not only are low-quality and fake drugs harmful when they fail to cure, but they also are likely to lead to drug resistance, when microbes develop the ability to fight off medication. Ugandan health officials are working on several fronts to stem the flow of fake drugs into their country.

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Apollo Muhairwe, chief executive of Uganda's National Drug Authority 
  

Apollo Muhairwe is head of Uganda's National Drug Authority, or NDA.  He says Uganda imports 80 percent of its medicines, so the NDA works both inside and outside the country to ensure quality. "Through the official ports of entry, we have a presence there, at customs,” he said in an interview at his office in Kampala.

Technicians at the NDA's central laboratory test samples of imported drugs  
  
“And then before the people import the medicines, they seek authority from us. And not only must they import medicines from authorized 3 places -- which we have gone there and inspected -- but also, in the case of A.R.V.'s [antiretrovirals] and TB's and anti-malarials, even though we have checked the factories and evaluated the dossiers of the manufacturers, when the medicines come to the ports of entry, they must be analyzed 4 batch 5 by batch in our quality-control laboratory."

 
A man fills a prescription 6 at a drug store in Kampala 
  
If someone tries to import a substandard or fake drug lot, Muhairwe says, the NDA’s laboratories can detect it through its sample testing program. "We have not done a study on the extent of counterfeiting 7, so I cannot tell you it is 10 percent or 90 percent, but from the quality assurance mechanism 8 that we have put in place, and the results we are getting in the lab, we are confident that the medicines which are available to the population are safe, of good quality and efficacious. When we pick samples and bring them to the lab, the extent of the problem seems to be minimal 9.

Uganda doesn't have enough licensed 10 pharmacies 11 to serve everyone   
  
Yet in a poor country like Uganda, there simply aren't enough licensed pharmacies to serve everyone, Muhairwe notes. And so poor and rural people "self-medicate," buying medicines where they can find them, and taking them as they choose. That's also a prescription for encouraging drug resistance -- a problem that experts say won’t be solved anytime soon.