时间:2019-02-01 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

1)IS-LM

原文:So what determines the level of GDP, and hence also ties down the interest rate? The answer is that you need to add “liquidity 1 preference”, the supply and demand for money. In the modern world, we often take a shortcut 2 and just assume that the central bank adjusts the money supply so as to achieve a target interest rate, in effect choosing a point on the IS curve.

原译:那么,确定国内生产总值在一定水平线上,也关系到降低利率吗?答案是,你需要加入“流动性偏好”理论,以及那些供给和需求钱。在现代社会中,我们经常采取一个捷径和想当然的办法,即中央银行调节货币供应量,从而实现目标利率,有效选择一个弯曲点。

点评:为了理解这一段, 需要复习一下IS-LM 分析。 这个分析所处的空间是以利率R为纵轴,国民产出Y为横轴的, 并假设无通货膨胀,价格P不变(所以实际国民产出小于充分就业产出,凯恩斯理论可适用)。 请参考中级宏观教科书。

实体经济方面, 当货物市场的供求均衡时, 凯恩斯理论指出, 投资必等于储蓄。 Investment =saving. 将所有这些均衡点连起来,则有IS曲线。 此曲线从左上向右下倾斜。 Y 越大, R越小。 何以? 当Y增加, 凯恩斯理论指出, 储蓄必增。 而在可贷资金市场上,储蓄增表现为资金供给曲线向右移动,给定资金需求曲线不动, 均衡利率R将下降。

货币市场上, 货币需求(L),( 又称liquidity preference, )与货币供给 (M), (又称money supply ) 的均衡点, 连接起来,形成LM曲线。 这条曲线从左下向右上倾斜。 Y 越大, R 越大。 何以? 当Y 增加, 货币需求必增。 在货币供给不变的情况下,利率R将增大,以平衡这种需求。 这条LM曲线本身则会随着货币供给的增、减而向右、左移动。

因此, 货物市场和货币市场都均衡的点必是IS和LM相交的点。 该点确定了均衡的利率R和均衡的产出Y。

有了以上背景知识, 这一段就容易译了。

改译:那么, 究竟是什么确定了GDP的水平, 并因此也决定(tie down)了利率?答案是,你还得(在IS曲线外加进一条LM曲线)加进“流动性偏好”, 也就是货币的供求。 (形式上, liquidity preference 与 the supply and demand for money 是同位语关系。)在现代世界里,我们(无需将整条LM曲线加进)常常可以走捷径,只需假设央行可以调节货币供给从而锁定利率, 这从实际效果而言(in effect)就相当于在IS曲线上, 选定一点。

        2)desired: 需求的,想要取得的,理想的,要去锁定的

原译:As shown above, the interest rate the Fed would like to have is negative. That’s not just what I say, by the way: the FT reports that the Fed’s own economists 3 estimate the desired Fed funds rate at -5 percent.

原译:如上所述,美联储希望是负利率。顺便说一句,这不只是我说:金融时报也报道说,美联储的经济学家们估计,自己所期望的联邦基金利率是-5%.

点评:The interest rate the Fed would like to have=the desired Fed funds rate.

Desired 不等于expected. Desired 是想要取得的, 理想的, 要去锁定的。 而expected 才是期望的。

        3)一段改译:

原文:So what does government borrowing do? It gives some of those excess savings 4 a place to go — and in the process expands overall demand, and hence GDP. It does NOT crowd out private spending, at least not until the excess supply of savings has been sopped 5 up, which is the same thing as saying not until the economy has escaped from the liquidity trap.

原译:那么,政府举债干什么?它给那些过剩储蓄一个去向-并在此过程中扩大了总需求,因此,国内生产总值,不排挤私人支出,至少直到储蓄供应过剩已饱和,就同样情况而言,直到经济已经摆脱了流动性陷阱。

点评:Expands overall demand, and hence GDP. GDP 也是动词expands 的宾语。

It does NOT crowd out private spending. 这里的it指的是上文的government borrowing.

Excess supply of savings has been sopped up: 储蓄过度供给被吸取净尽。

改译:那么, 政府借钱会起什么作用? 这会给某些过剩的储蓄开辟一条出路——并在这个过程中扩大全面的需求, 从而也增加GDP。政府借钱不会对私人支出产生挤出效应, 至少在储蓄过度供给被吸取净尽之前不会, 这也就等于说, 至少在整个经济还没从流动性陷阱挣脱之前不会。

        4)一段改译:

原文:Now, there are real problems with large-scale government borrowing — mainly, the effect on the government debt burden. I don’t want to minimize those problems; some countries, such as Ireland, are being forced into fiscal 6 contraction 7 even in the face of severe recession. But the fact remains 8 that our current problem is, in effect, a problem of excess worldwide savings, looking for someplace to go.

原译:现在,存在一个政府大规模借贷的现实问题-主要是政府债务负担加重。我不想尽量低估这些问题,有些国家,如爱尔兰,即使在面临严重的经济衰退时也被迫实行财政紧缩。实际上,除了目前仍存在的问题外,全球储蓄过剩这个问题,也应该寻求一个解决的途径。

注意语气。

改译:不过,政府大规模的借钱确实会造成问题——主要是政府债务负担加重。 我在此并不想对这些问题只作轻描淡写,一笔带过;有些国家,如爱尔兰,即使面临严重的经济衰退, 还是被迫实行财政紧缩。 可是, 这都改变不了这样一个现实(the fact remains that ): 我们目前所面临的问题实际上是全球储蓄过剩、必得找到一条出路的问题。

        5)playing dress-up: 穿着别人的衣服玩

原文:Memories. My mother now suffers from Parkinson's disease and is mentally and physically 9 incapacitated. I am so grateful for the simple but meaningful times we shared when I was growing up, from making cupcakes for my father's birthday when I was five to playing dress-up in her too-big clothes and donning her frosted, 1970s wigs 10. Every little detail that is stamped in my memory helps me smile and appreciate the incredible mother she is and the life she gave me. --Jennifer Kopec-McLaughlin, Mountain Top, Pennsylvania

原译:【记忆】妈妈给我记忆。现在,妈妈得了帕金森病了,身心都不再灵便了。我那样的高兴,在成长岁月里,妈妈和我共度的那些简单而有意义的时光。五岁的时候,给爸爸做生日蛋糕时,我在她宽大的衣服上玩着装饰游戏,戴着她的那个七十年代的白色假发。小小的这些细节,烙印在我记忆中,让我微笑,让我珍惜我的好妈妈,珍惜她给予我生命。

点评:

Playing dress-up: 把他人的衣服穿着玩。 吴莹词典p375.

Frosted wigs: 因年代久远而变白了的假发。

6)drop off clothes:捐衣物

原文:My mom taught me the importance of volunteerism. All through my youth, my single mother was involved in numerous community-service organizations. I have vivid memories of dropping off clothes at the battered 11 women's shelter and being a buddy 12 at the annual county Special Olympics. I know her volunteerism has touched not only my life but those of countless 13 others as well. --Cindi Gambardella, Kansas City, Missouri

原译:【感动】我的妈妈,让我知道了志愿者主义的重要性。在我少年的时代里,我单身的妈妈,加入了那么多的社区服务组织。那些受虐妇人的门前,我放下衣服;在每年县里的特奥会上,我做一个小伙伴,那是多么鲜活的记忆。我知道,她的志愿者活动,不仅仅感染着我的一生,而且,感动着无数人的一生。

点评:

Battered women’s shelter: 为保护受虐妇女而设立的避难所。

Drop off clothes at the shelter: 把捐献的衣服交到避难所去

7)a sprinkling of snow: 一阵如撒盐的细雪

原文:My mother always had a sense of wonderment. The color of a leaf, a sprinkling of snow, the smell of hot soup -- she found the greatest pleasure in everyday things. -- Nancy Bradford, Houston, Texas

原译:【小事】我的妈妈,她总是有一种好感觉,她能制造奇迹。房顶的颜色,雪中的撒雪向空中、热汤的味道。日常的每件小事里,她都能找到最大的快乐。

点评:

The color of a leaf: 一片树叶的颜色

A sprinkling of snow: 一阵如撒盐的细雪

8) 一段逻辑分析

原文:My mother died when I was six, so she'll never know the incredible gift she gave me.

原译:我六岁时,我母亲就去世了,她永不知道,在我心中,什么是最可贵的礼物。

评论:事情发生在母亲死后, 所以她永远无法知道她死后我用她生前所开立的退休账户的钱买了我所需的小提琴 这个不可思议的礼物。

改译:我六岁时母亲去世了, 所以她永远无法知道她所给我的那个不可思议的礼物。

9)take up :开始

Take up the fiddle 14: 原译:拾起了小提琴。 改译: 开始拉小提琴。

10) call to say: 打电话说

原文:About that time, my aunt called to say that she had found out about a retirement 15 account my mother had begun before her death.

原译:就在那个时候,我姨叫我去,说她发现了我母亲在去世之前的一张退休账户。

评论: call to say: 打电话说。

改译:大概就在那个时候,我姨打电话来,说她发现了我母亲在去世之前就已经开立的的退休账户。



n.流动性,偿债能力,流动资产
  • The bank has progressively increased its liquidity.银行逐渐地增加其流动资产。
  • The demand for and the supply of credit is closely linked to changes in liquidity.信用的供求和流动资金的变化有密切关系。
n.近路,捷径
  • He was always looking for a shortcut to fame and fortune.他总是在找成名发财的捷径。
  • If you take the shortcut,it will be two li closer.走抄道去要近2里路。
n.经济学家,经济专家( economist的名词复数 )
  • The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
  • Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.存款,储蓄
  • I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假,那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
  • By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时,他的存款已全部用完。
adj.湿透的,浸透的v.将(面包等)在液体中蘸或浸泡( sop的过去式和过去分词 );用海绵、布等吸起(液体等)
  • The servant sopped up the water with a towel. 佣人用毛巾揩去水。 来自辞典例句
  • She sopped up the spilt milk with a cloth. 她用一块布抹去溢出的牛奶。 来自辞典例句
adj.财政的,会计的,国库的,国库岁入的
  • The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
  • The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。
n.缩略词,缩写式,害病
  • The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm.肌肉的收缩使前臂抬起。
  • The forces of expansion are balanced by forces of contraction.扩张力和收缩力相互平衡。
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律
  • He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服,心绪也很乱。
  • Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
n.假发,法官帽( wig的名词复数 )
  • They say that wigs will be coming in again this year. 据说今年又要流行戴假发了。 来自辞典例句
  • Frank, we needed more wigs than we thought, and we have to do some advertising. 弗兰克,因为我们需要更多的假发,而且我们还要做点广告。 来自电影对白
adj.磨损的;v.连续猛击;磨损
  • He drove up in a battered old car.他开着一辆又老又破的旧车。
  • The world was brutally battered but it survived.这个世界遭受了惨重的创伤,但它还是生存下来了。
n.(美口)密友,伙伴
  • Calm down,buddy.What's the trouble?压压气,老兄。有什么麻烦吗?
  • Get out of my way,buddy!别挡道了,你这家伙!
adj.无数的,多得不计其数的
  • In the war countless innocent people lost their lives.在这场战争中无数无辜的人丧失了性命。
  • I've told you countless times.我已经告诉你无数遍了。
n.小提琴;vi.拉提琴;不停拨弄,乱动
  • She plays the fiddle well.她小提琴拉得好。
  • Don't fiddle with the typewriter.不要摆弄那架打字机了。
n.退休,退职
  • She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
  • I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。
标签: 考研英语 翻译
学英语单词
area of cross section
before the lens shutter
blacklined
bollix 2, bollocks
buildup, build-up
bulk breaking agent
cartridge lamp
certain factor
chain ordering
clay-liker
climatic gasoline
collection order
Constantine Bay
cooling down
corticoliberin
corycaeus (urocorycaeus) lautus
covariant component
cross sectional quickly contracting area
cut hair
dicyclamine
Digital HD
disbursement of foreign capital
double base method
drag mechanism
dyers
elitism
endogenous infection
esthetic judgment
eutectoid carbide
external noise
file transporter
first hall
fourier phase spectrum
full automation module
glacial alluvium
governmental intervention
ground water lateritic soil
heptenedioic acid
Horeb
hydroxylated oil
Indiary
interior equipment
intermeaiolateral
intermediate feed
jackals of the same lair
krasnowolski
LEPETIDAE
Lummer-Gehreke plate
materials returned to stockroom
metal tungsten powder
metallurgy of rare metals
mitrofanov coding system
motofacient phase
mycosphaerella horii hara
narrativa
nebbier
nonsphere
note of arrival
nuclear states
object storage
operational label
pericardial Fluid
personal identifier module,PIM
preservative injection
pumpkin pie
pyrocalciferol
quantitative methods in management
rank order statistics
relief model
replicatory
rociverine
rockface
rosarii
ruling axle
saturation spectroscopy
scattered plots of unutilized land
Schizozygine
second-order branching
Sedolatan
seeds volume-weight
septum mucosa deptessor
Sindhupalchok
small hydro electric plant
sobelson
southeasters
stainless steel inside calipers
stochastic finite state grammar
stupid fucker
SYSGEN (system generation)
Tanarupi
terminate load
the efficiency
therapy of encircling lesion with drugs
trip-charter
undawning
update transactions
Vasil'yevskoye
wall furring
water and salt-bearing crude
wherever necessary
white rice bowl
with holder rule