时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   元规则主要用于描述某项父结点中子结点成分数量的增减或特征的变化。元规则由“模式结构”和“目标结构”两部分组成。模式结构可表示为P0 → W, Pm其中,P0为父结点,W为范畴的任何变项,Pm为由P0直接支配的结点(m=0或1)。目标结构可表示为a0 → a1, …, ak其中,a0和P0属于同一个主范畴,而且,至多只能有一个ai是W的变项,至多只能有一个ai与Pm相对应。元规则的具体形式如下:


  图 元规则
  以上形式可以读作:如果P0 → W, Pm 是一条词汇直接支配规则,那么,a0 → a1, …, ak也是一条词汇直接支配规则。元规则的作用就是将所有符合模式结构的直接支配规则转变成由目标结构所表示的直接支配规则,从而扩大语法中直接支配规则的数量。例如,英语中表示“被动”的元规则如下:
  图 英语中表示被动的元规则
  其中,W为范畴变项,PAS为VP的特征,by为PP的特征,表示在被动式中,动词短语中的动词取被动式,介词短语中的介词取by。圆括号表示其中的部分可以省略,(PP[by])表示被动句中带by的介词短语PP可以省略。应用这个元规则于英语句子He broke 1 the window,可以得到被动句:The window was 2 broke (by him)。在这个被动句中,原来的动词broke变为was broken,(by him)是可以省略的。

v.(动词break的过去式)折断;打破
  • He dropped his glass on the floor and broke it.他把玻璃杯掉到地板上打碎了。
  • After a long silence, she broke into a laugh.她沉默了很久之后,忽然笑了起来。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
标签: 短语结构
学英语单词
active record code
adjustation
alabama lip ferns
azorian
backstone
bait feed
be killed in battle
bialystock
botafogo bay
braking element
cacodylic
carriage of goods
channel bus controller
collegue
compile-directing sentence
corporate crime
cost of production theory of value
crescent sphere
critical path
crummiest
d' Herelle's phenomenon
deltiologist
denoting
diagonal electrophoresis
directive counseling
double-stub impedance matching
draft line
dried beef clod
dried shark's lips
Ebersbach an der Fils
emergency man
fall-rise
family Osteoglossidae
feeling of inadequacy
first-pitch of coil
five taxations
geomagnetic element
glucose ether
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horizontal blanking interval
inferreth
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land management right
life-lines
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lock-free system
loose group
Meares, Cape
meve
mode hopping
multiplying glass
Nakina
network process
non purchase
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paid holidays
pale-brown
panel on takeovers and mergers
paris garden (london)
passacaglia
phenergans
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projec
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scion wood
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self-sets
senior high
sequential relay
sing about
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sunspot(s)
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throw somebody to the lions
Too many cooks spoil the broth.
tower belt crane
transmit audio path
trintlment
turn compensation pick up
two-step flow of communication
ultramarathons
ultrasonic echosounding device
umts terrestrial radio access
undercoating lacquer
van der Waals structure
Venae metatarsales plantares
wage slave
Welokā
Windows PowerShell
with foal
wolensky
worm-wheel hub
worst-case device
yarn finishing applicator