时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍使用,但大多数句子都使用主动语态,在英语中极为重要。考研 中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。


  主动和被动语态的对比:
  /主动语态被动语态
  一般现在时①is\am\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V. p.p)
  一般将来时will\be going to\be (about)to+do(V。)will+be+done(V. p.p)
  一般过去时①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V. p.p)
  现在进行时am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+doing+done(V. p.p)
  过去进行时was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+doing+done(V.p.p)
  现在完成时have\has+done(V. p.p。)have\has+been+done(V. p.p)
  过去完成时had+done(V. p.p。)had+been+done(V. p.p。)
  情态动词情态动词+V。情态动词+be+done(V. p.p。)
  过去将来时would/should +V。would/should be + done(V. p.p。)
  翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所”等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that...  据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人想信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training。
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training。
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:“认为”、“相比”和“掌握”。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是“It+被动语态+that”形式的处理,译为“很多人认为”。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为“普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比”。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为“认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握”。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
absentee rates
acrocephalus sorghophilus
afterhold
astm(americal society for testing and materials)
Automatic Clearing House
available resource
Belomys
border checks
call to task for
calvinoes
cathode sputtering atomizer
centre-parteds
circles
clear anchorage
conditionately
constant load rate tensile testing machine
cross-screw
cyclic fracture
Dacamine
damping element
destes
dioxids
dorysthenes hydropicus (pascoe)
eats ass
echinophthalmia
ecotropic virus
electric current measurement
enomotarchs
epicoracoids
eragnies
error-free communication
erythroxyline
estracyt capsule
ex post
executive measure
fuel cell catalyst
Gallinula chloropus
glucose filter
gramine
Griffes, Charles Tomliuson
hollow milling cutter
hump rail brake
inattackable
inserting control
insoluble soil
James Madison
kevazingo
larsen's variation diagram
lessen the influence of
leveling box
line-throwing gun
linearity checker
lobulus semilunaris caudalis
minimum-Bconfiguration
mirror iron
mortays
nangkat
Nervus gluteus superior
oligomolecular
on-line test and diagnostic routine
operating building
oxypeucedanin
pandiagonal magic square
phloionic acid
Picrorrhiza
planned overlay structure
pleurosicya mossambica
propylene glycol methyl ether
pseudocholesteatom
quartz glasses
rebonding
recording optical tracking instrument
reduction of oceanographic element
roughs in
royaumes
salifous
saturable absorbers
Scabiosa tschiliensis
seal oil control equipment
sentry duties
serpentines
silver grey
single block machine
sizing roll
slasks
stand by letter of credit
stay radiation
steat-
stibatian
swayambhunaths
telkalakh (tall kalakh)
theta-theta
Thorpe, James Francis
to feel you
transit tax
unmanned bomber
upls
vdiffs
vinyl compound
visual communication
Westmill
wrong reasons