时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍使用,但大多数句子都使用主动语态,在英语中极为重要。考研 中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。


  主动和被动语态的对比:
  /主动语态被动语态
  一般现在时①is\am\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V. p.p)
  一般将来时will\be going to\be (about)to+do(V。)will+be+done(V. p.p)
  一般过去时①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V. p.p)
  现在进行时am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+doing+done(V. p.p)
  过去进行时was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+doing+done(V.p.p)
  现在完成时have\has+done(V. p.p。)have\has+been+done(V. p.p)
  过去完成时had+done(V. p.p。)had+been+done(V. p.p。)
  情态动词情态动词+V。情态动词+be+done(V. p.p。)
  过去将来时would/should +V。would/should be + done(V. p.p。)
  翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所”等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that...  据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人想信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training。
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training。
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:“认为”、“相比”和“掌握”。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是“It+被动语态+that”形式的处理,译为“很多人认为”。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为“普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比”。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为“认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握”。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
acemi
acidic materials
acrazing
amplivix
and-white
autoclavings
be a favorite with sb.
bolted-on connection
busy doing something
cassocked
Chalmoux
christison
cograph
correlatograph
crackin
current undertaking
daliance
Dignano
direct current excited field generator
distortion tensor
eczymatous
efia
emanates from
encasket
ethnish
eutrope
ex-actly
exoerythrocytic form
facsimile laser plate maker
Fallacinal
finalidad
froth with rage
gabriel daniel fahrenheits
geometry on surface
ghiradelli
groove for superior longitudinal sinus
group nursing
guyed structure
have no thought of self
hepatocyle
Higashishirakawa
hypothesis of isostasy
ice glaze
iliocostal muscle of thorax
in-what
isomorphism of graphs
janggi
Julia Evelina Smith
langtree
Larix griffithii
lead up to sth
levitically
linguadental
loam kneader
main ballast tank
mccahill
milk character
moss-growns
nandrolone dodecanoate
natural function
net shift
obijime
one-way controlled transmission
overbuildings
overclaiming
palladacycles
pan-Shia
pesticidally
Platypoecilus maculatus
pneumococcus capsule swelling reaction
polarization receiving factor
Polygala lijiangensis
Potamogeton filiformis
Poxwell
proton-gamma resonance
punchcards
quail call
quarter-inch cartridge
real time visual reconstruction
rear end compaction
restore file system resource
romcom
Russell fence
scorching-hot
Serbocroatian
shoddy picker
sincerities
souaris
spirit levelling
stubborn beggar
sulcus a. vertebralis
sun ray
swerchirin
therequirement
Thysyn motor
torularhodinaldehyde
tragopan
trusted process
unsymmetric form of duality
verd antiques
vote-seeking party
ywon