美国国家公共电台 NPR Remembering Ruth Gruber, Who Photographed The 20th Century's Darkest Moments

Remembering Ruth Gruber, Who Photographed The 20th Century's Darkest Moments

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Ruth Gruber was a witness to many of the 20th century's worst moments and a few of its best. She was a journalist passionate 2 about the plight 3 of the Jewish people. She died yesterday in New York at age 105. NPR's Rose Friedman has this appreciation 4.

ROSE FRIEDMAN, BYLINE 5: As a young woman, Ruth Gruber told her father she wanted to be a writer. In her 90s, she recalled his response.

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RUTH GRUBER: What kind of career is that for a nice Jewish girl?

(LAUGHTER)

FRIEDMAN: Here's what kind of career that turned out to be. Over and over, Gruber went to where the action was. In a documentary about her life, she recalled being at a Nazi 6 rally.

(SOUNDBITE OF DOCUMENTARY, "AHEAD OF TIME: THE EXTRAORDINARY JOURNEY OF RUTH GRUBER ")

GRUBER: I pretended I was a German citizen. And I sat the closest to Hitler's party.

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ADOLF HITLER: (Speaking German).

GRUBER: It was something I will never ever forget.

FRIEDMAN: In 1935, the New York Herald 7 Tribune hired her. She was the first Western reporter to visit Stalin's gulags in the Soviet 8 Arctic. Then during World War II, she worked for the U.S. government. When President Roosevelt decided 9 to bring a thousand Jewish refugees to the U.S., Gruber was sent to Europe to accompany them. She told NPR in 1999 that meeting those refugees was a shock.

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GRUBER: I had no idea what they had gone through. So I was completely surprised by the stories. And I kept seeing visions of them watching their parents burned in front of them, their children snatched from them.

FRIEDMAN: After the war, Gruber returned to journalism 10. In 1947, she was on assignment in Jerusalem for what would become her most famous story. A ship called Exodus 11, carrying more than 4,500 Holocaust 12 survivors 13, was sailing toward Palestine. The British intercepted 14 it and came aboard forcefully. Three people were killed.

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GRUBER: I was standing 15 at the dock when they pulled the Exodus in. She had been smashed like a sandwich by British warships 16.

FRIEDMAN: Gruber boarded the ship.

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GRUBER: People crowded around me and raised a flag. And they had painted the swastika on the Union Jack 17.

FRIEDMAN: She took a photo which became life magazine's picture of the week. The publicity 18 embarrassed the British government and contributed to the establishment of the state of Israel the following year.

That wasn't the end of Gruber's career. It wasn't even the middle. She covered Israeli independence, the airlift of Ethiopian Jews to Israel, even the Vietnam War. For a nice Jewish girl from Brooklyn, Ruth Gruber was fearless. Rose Friedman, NPR News.

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