新概念英语第四册Lesson 6 The sporting spirit
时间：2018-11-27 作者：英语课 分类：新概念英语第四册
Lesson 6
The sporting spirit
体育的精神
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题.
How does the writer describe sport at the international level?
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill 1 between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the would could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination 2 to meet on the hattlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred 3, one could deduce if from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism 4 is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as a the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage 5 combative 6 instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly 7 mimic 8 warfare 9. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue 10.
GEORGE ORWELL The sporting spirit
New words and expression
goodwill
n. 友好
cricket
n. 板球
inclination
n. 意愿
contest
n. 比赛
orgy
n. 无节制的，放荡
deduce
v. 推断
competitive
adj. 竞争性的
patriotism
n. 地方观念，爱国主义
disgrace
v. 使丢脸
savage
adj. 野性的
combative
adj. 好斗的
mimic warfare
模拟战争
behaviour
n. 行动，举止
absurd
adj. 荒唐的
参考译文
当我听人们说体育运动可创造国家之间的友谊，还说各国民众若在足球场或板球场上交锋，就不愿在战场上残杀的时候，我总是惊愕不已。一个人即使不能从具体的事例（例如1936年的奥林匹克运动会）了解到国际运动比赛会导致疯狂的仇恨，也可以从常理中推断出结论。
现在开展的体育运动几乎都是竞争性的。参加比赛就是为了取胜。如果不拚命去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。 在乡间的草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，并且不涉及任何地方情绪时，那才可能是单纯的为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一量涉及到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为你输而丢脸时，那么最野蛮的争斗天性便会激发起来。即使是仅仅参加过学校足球赛的人也有种体会。在国际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。但是，要紧的还不是运动员的行为，而是观众的态度，以及观众身后各个国家的态度。面对着这些荒唐的比赛，参赛的各个国家会如痴如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信 -- 至少在短期内如此 -- 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质的检验。
New words and expressions 生词短语
goodwill n. 友好
cricket n.板球
inclination n.意愿
contest n. 比赛
orgyn. 恣意，放荡
deducevt.推断
competitive a. 竞争性的
pick up 随意挑选
side n. 队
patriotism n. 地方观念 爱国主义
involvevt. 卷入
at any rate 无论……,至少…….
prestige n. 声誉
disgrace vt. 使丢脸
savagen.野性的
combative a.好斗的
frankly ad.坦率地
mimic a.与….极相似
behaveiour 行动
spectatotorn.观众
word….into…..引起……注意
furyn.狂热
absurda.荒唐的
Notes on the vocabularies 词语注释
goodwill=friendship n.友好
goodwill games:友好运动会
goodwill visit:友好访问
pay a goodwill visit to
official visit:官方正式访问
state visit:国事访问
cricket n.板球 as merry as a cricket(蟋蟀) 形容心情高兴，快乐无比
inclinationn. 意愿
inclinev.
be inclined to do sth表示强烈的意愿
I am inclined to take toefl.
willing
show inclination tofollow one's inclination 随心所欲
contestn. 比赛
近义词：competition game match tournament race
contest:a group of judges
beauty contest选美比赛
competition:socially 抽象使用
Social competition is fierce.
Dog eat dog.人吃人。形容竞争激烈。
game:physically ,mentally
match:quite important
China won the 2002 World Cup match.
tournament:淘汰赛，巡回赛。
race:以速度见长
cycle racing 11 自行车比赛
car racing 赛车
orgy n.恣意，放荡
revelry in 狂欢
I revelry in my success.
on a spree
The girl is on a shoping spree.
competitive
combative-贬义词 同 aggressive
competitive-褒义词／中性词
competitor-竞争者
compete with sb. for sth.
pick up 随意挑选
side 队
patriotismn.地方观众，爱国主义
patriot:爱国者patriotic:爱国的
involvevt.卷入
involve oneself in scandal be involved in
prestigen.声誉
prestigious 12 a.享有声誉的 Qinghua university is very prestigious.
近义词：fame renown(renowned 著名的) reputation eminence 13
disgracevt.使丢脸
grace,graceful-graceless
disgraceful 丢脸 Your essay is very guaceful.
fame-defamehonor-dishonor
stigmaa(污点) vt.stigmatizeRobbery stigmatizes 14 him.
savagen.野性的
inhuman 15 残忍无比 nonhuman （非人类的）
mercy-mercilessruth-ruthless
beastly
combative a.好斗的
frankly ad.坦率地
Frankly speaking(To be frank) 坦白的说candid 16 坦白的straightly 直率的
mimic a.与……相似
mimic-只用作定语
similar-可作定语和表语 Our ideas are similar. We have similar ideas.
alike-只作表语
Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。
behaviour 行动 举止
Behave oneself.规矩点儿。
attituden.态度
spectatorn.观众
audience 听众 audial 听
visual
spectacle: 壮丽景色；眼镜
viewer电视观众
work…into…引起…注意…
into 后接表示感情的词
furyn.狂热
furious a.—强于 anger,annoyance,aggravation
rage---suddenly & quickly
absurda.荒唐的
近义词 illogical irrational 17 senseless ridiculous
r 开头的形容词的反义词前面加 ir
l 开头的形容词的反义词前面加 il
at any rate 无论，至少＝at least
Notes on the text 课文注释
amazed: surprised,astound,astonished
前两个词都可以用作表语和主谓宾结构，后两个词只有表语结构。
The news surprised me.
I was surprised by the news.
I am astonished to hear the news.
You should not say”The news astonished me”.
hear(watch,notice,see)sb.do/doing
if only:
1. 表虚拟，当“真好”讲,后面无任何主从句。
If only I had a pair of wings.我要有双翅膀就好了。
If only I could fly to the moon.
2. 作为条件句＝as long as，后面须有主句。
deduce:推导
the background of the 1936 Olympic games :二战时在德国柏林举行，希特勒举办的目的为
了宣传他的 national supremacy(民主优越性)。然而，事与愿违，本届奥运会出现了
一位独领风骚的田径大王－美国黑人运动员，杰西?欧文斯，他共获得 4 枚金牌，
让希特勒 disgrace(颜面尽失)，后人评论“the 1936 Olympin games is a mistake”,而
且称为 political tragedy,影射希特勒的种族歧视，导致极端的仇恨，引发二战。
neagly all 基本肯定
green: 绿地
aroused:被激发起来
frankly: 真正的
mimic warfare:模拟战争
battle field-fight to win,commander,do your utmost,blood,lose life,machine guns
sport field—play to win,coach,do your best ,sweat,lose life,hand leg foot
fury over 对…愤怒
virtue:quality
- His heart is full of goodwill to all men.他心里对所有人都充满着爱心。
- We paid ￡10,000 for the shop,and ￡2000 for its goodwill.我们用一万英镑买下了这家商店，两千英镑买下了它的信誉。
- She greeted us with a slight inclination of the head.她微微点头向我们致意。
- I did not feel the slightest inclination to hurry.我没有丝毫着急的意思。
- He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
- The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。
- His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
- They obtained money under the false pretenses of patriotism.他们以虚伪的爱国主义为借口获得金钱。
- The poor man received a savage beating from the thugs.那可怜的人遭到暴徒的痛打。
- He has a savage temper.他脾气粗暴。
- Mr. Obama has recently adopted a more combative tone.奥巴马总统近来采取了一种更有战斗性的语调。
- She believes that women are at least as combative as are.她相信女性至少和男性一样好斗。
- To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说，我一点也不赞成这个主意。
- Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说，我不反对改革。
- A parrot can mimic a person's voice.鹦鹉能学人的声音。
- He used to mimic speech peculiarities of another.他过去总是模仿别人讲话的特点。
- He addressed the audience on the subject of atomic warfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。
- Their struggle consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。
- He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
- You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。
- I was watching the racing on television last night.昨晚我在电视上看赛马。
- The two racing drivers fenced for a chance to gain the lead.两个赛车手伺机竞相领先。
- The young man graduated from a prestigious university.这个年轻人毕业于一所名牌大学。
- You may even join a prestigious magazine as a contributing editor.甚至可能会加入一个知名杂志做编辑。
- He is a statesman of great eminence.他是个声名显赫的政治家。
- Many of the pilots were to achieve eminence in the aeronautical world.这些飞行员中很多人将会在航空界声名显赫。
- We must unite the workers in fighting against inhuman conditions.我们必须使工人们团结起来反对那些难以忍受的工作条件。
- It was inhuman to refuse him permission to see his wife.不容许他去看自己的妻子是太不近人情了。
- I cannot but hope the candid reader will give some allowance for it.我只有希望公正的读者多少包涵一些。
- He is quite candid with his friends.他对朋友相当坦诚。
- After taking the drug she became completely irrational.她在吸毒后变得完全失去了理性。
- There are also signs of irrational exuberance among some investors.在某些投资者中是存在非理性繁荣的征象的。