VOA常速英语2015--G-20补贴矿物燃料4520亿美元
时间：2019-01-14 作者：英语课 分类：VOA标准英语2015年(十一月)
G-20 Subsidizing Fossil Fuels by $452 Billion, Research Shows G-20补贴矿物燃料4520亿美元
As leaders of the Group of 20 major economies gather in Turkey for the 2015 summit, campaigners are calling on them to stick to their pledge to stop subsidizing fossil fuels. With the Paris climate summit set for the end of the month, they say it is vital that the world’s richest nations show leadership in combating carbon dioxide emissions.
In 2009, G-20 members pledged to end subsidies for fossil fuels in the form of direct grants or loans, tax breaks or price supports.
2009年，G20成员国承诺停止以直接补助或贷款，减税或价格支持等方式为化石燃料提供津贴。
Shelagh Whitley of the Overseas Development Institute said they were breaking that promise.
海外发展研究所的Shelagh Whitley表示，他们违背了这一诺言。
“They have provided $452 billion a year in fossil fuel subsidies just to production,” she said.
“他们一年仅为生产就提供了4520亿美元的化石燃料补助。”
Researchers found the U.S. government hands out $20.5 billion worth of subsidies every year, mostly in tax breaks.
研究人员发现，美国政府每年发放价值205亿美元的津贴，大部分以减税的方式。
But, speaking this month after rejecting plans to build the Keystone oil pipeline from Canada through the United States, President Barack Obama said the United States was leading by example.
但是，本周否决了建设从加拿大到美国的Keystone石油管道建设项目计划之后发表讲话时，奥巴马总统表示，美国正在以身作则。
“America is now a global leader when it comes to taking serious action to fight climate change, and frankly, approving this project would've undercut that global leadership," he said. "And that's the biggest risk we face — not acting.”
Whitley said the ODI research showed Asia’s biggest economies were subsidizing fossil fuels in different ways.
“Countries like China, Japan and Korea have the highest subsidies through public finance," she said. "And a lot of Japan's and Korea’s money is not going domestically; they may be moving away from fossil fuels at home, but they’re still funding fossil fuel production overseas.”
“在采取严厉措施抵抗气候变化方面，美国是全球领导者。坦白地说，批准该计划将会削弱我们的领导地位。这是我们所面临的最大风险，而不是采取行动。”
Whitley said the G-20 should act on its pledge to end fossil fuel subsidies. She also said a shift toward subsidizing renewable energies would have a big impact.
Whitley说，海外发展研究所表明，亚洲最大的经济体也以不同的方式补贴化石燃料。
The U.S. and China have jointly prioritized establishing a concrete deadline for phasing out all fossil fuel subsidies as a key task during China’s G-20 presidency in 2016.
“中国，日本和韩国等国家通过公共财政提供最高额的补贴。日本和韩国许多补贴或许不在国内，或许从国内化石燃料向外流转，但是他们仍然资助海外的化石燃料生产。”