时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2011年(一月)


英语课

New research finds a link between vehicle emissions 2 and cognitive 3 function in older people.


 


People who live in polluted cities can see the grit 4 and dirt produced from vehicle engines but some of the most damaging emissions are only now starting to be understood. They're ultrafine particles that are way too small to be seen. Hundreds of these particles, placed side by side, match the width of a human hair and are primarily produced by combustion 5 in diesel 6 engines.


Harvard doctoral researcher Melinda Power says we now understand that ultrafines are a more significant problem than emission 1 gasses or those large particles that make your skin dirty.


"They can actually get absorbed in through the surface of the lung, into your body, or they can travel straight up the olfactory 7 nerves into your brain," says Power. "And so these particulates 8 because they are so small have the potential to not only enter the body but then interact with the cellular 9 machinery 10 of the body as well."


To study the effects of this pollution on seniors and their cognition, Power took data from a study of older men who live in and around the Boston area. In addition to collecting health information, researchers gave the men tests that measured their thinking.


Then Power matched the data about the men to their addresses.


"People who live next to major roads are going to have much higher exposure to traffic related particulates than people who live further away," says Power. "The largest determinant of indoor air quality is outdoor air quality. So all of our houses have some exchange of air with the outside and what's outside will end up inside."


Power found that a doubling of traffic pollution was associated with having a lower scores on cognition tests, even lower than what would be expected with normal aging.


She says there are only one or two other studies that look at the association between cognition and pollution. But she says she feels confident she's identified an important phenomenon that needs to be examined more thoroughly 11. She plans several more studies to do that.


Power's paper is published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives



n.发出物,散发物;发出,散发
  • Rigorous measures will be taken to reduce the total pollutant emission.采取严格有力措施,降低污染物排放总量。
  • Finally,the way to effectively control particulate emission is pointed out.最后,指出有效降低颗粒排放的方向。
排放物( emission的名词复数 ); 散发物(尤指气体)
  • Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
  • Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。
adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的
  • As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大,他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
  • The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。
n.沙粒,决心,勇气;v.下定决心,咬紧牙关
  • The soldiers showed that they had plenty of grit. 士兵们表现得很有勇气。
  • I've got some grit in my shoe.我的鞋子里弄进了一些砂子。
n.燃烧;氧化;骚动
  • We might be tempted to think of combustion.我们也许会联想到氧化。
  • The smoke formed by their combustion is negligible.由它燃烧所生成的烟是可忽略的。
n.柴油发动机,内燃机
  • We experimented with diesel engines to drive the pumps.我们试着用柴油机来带动水泵。
  • My tractor operates on diesel oil.我的那台拖拉机用柴油开动。
adj.嗅觉的
  • He is to develop a sensor to substitute for the olfactory abilities of dogs.克罗克将研制一种传感器用以代替狗的嗅觉功能。
  • Based on these findings, Keller suspects that each person has an olfactory blind spot.根据这些发现,凯勒推断,每个人都有一个嗅觉盲区。
n.微粒,粒子( particulate的名词复数 )
  • Techniques for controlling particulates include filtering, washing, centrifugal separation, and electrostatic precipitation. 控制颗粒污染物的技术包括过滤、洗涤、离心分离、静电沉降。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
  • Only micronic particulates penetrate to the depth of the lung. 只有微细粒子穿透到肺深部。 来自辞典例句
adj.移动的;细胞的,由细胞组成的
  • She has a cellular telephone in her car.她的汽车里有一部无线通讯电话机。
  • Many people use cellular materials as sensitive elements in hygrometers.很多人用蜂窝状的材料作为测量温度的传感元件。
n.(总称)机械,机器;机构
  • Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗?
  • Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。
adv.完全地,彻底地,十足地
  • The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下种。
  • The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。
学英语单词
achoo
adsorbed purified diphtheria toxoid
angle-attack transducer
AT10
Bamba, Mt.
bideford b. (barnstaple b.)
bottom-up process
carrying bolt
cellana nigrolineata
Cesme
chirality centre
comanthus
control plot
coreopses
cryptanalytically
curb exchange
Darwinical
deaerating feed tank
desmos cochinchinensis lour.
Dir. prop.
direct-broadcast satellite television system
drahtaar
drug pusher
electrical English typewriter
electrodynamic earphone
field artilleries
flog a dead horse
full throttle
Global Crossing
hay cube
Haymarket
hex head bolt
hieroglyphically
high speed loop
high-pricest
higher-order conditioning
homorrhinia
housecloths
hydraulic cold-header
hydrochloric acid
Igarapé Miri
inedibly
inorganic arsenic chemicals
input stream class
Isyangulovo
jar (unit of capacitance)
jia
Kemer Dere
Khurramshahr
kosberg
La Chapelle-en-Vercors
line sectionalizing
live on one's wits
lob-keeling
make suggestions
March (Morava)
method of completing the square
microscopic stage
monostable multivibrator
Musudal-li(Musudan-ni)
nasopalatine ganglia
neuropsychologists
nuclei radicis descendentis nervi trigemini
ozoniser
peak withstand current test
permanent eruption
phyllosticta conjac hara
precompetition
pregastrulation
pushing around
pyrocatechol
restains
ripple frequency
scabwort
seaming roller
series-wound generator
short-persistence phosphor
simply connected covering Lie group
sissify
smoothing-roll
software design engineering
split margin
steal phenomenon
strand tracheids
Sulfabutin
Takla Landing
tall kalakh (telkalakh)
Thiel(Tiel)
tightness test for hull
to send a telegram
tool window
under-way
unequivocalness
wadage
weepinesses
willow grouse
woodwinds
Yahata
ytterbium(ii) iodide
Zhu Shijie
zinc acetylide