时间:2018-12-02 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   汉语偏短句,英语多长句。考研英语的完形填空、阅读理解和英译汉中充斥着大量令人望而生畏的长难句。从某种意义上来说,征服考研英语就是要征服长难句。而在英语长难句中,多种特殊的复杂结构常常又如影随形。今天,老师总结了英语长难句的特殊结构之一——并列句中的省略,帮大家轻松识别省略成分,掌握并列句中的省略结构。


  两个或两个以上、由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构叫做并列结构。英语有三个主要的并列连词:and, or, but;关联并列连词:both… and,either… or,not… but,not…nor,neither… nor,not only… but also;近似并列连词:as well as,as much as,rather than,more than。由以上连词连接的并列句中,往往第一个分句结构完整,后一个分句与前一个分句相同的句子成分可以省去,也可以省略连词。因此,理解并列结构中的省略句时,首先找出并列成分,并参照并列的第一个分句的句子结构和成分将其他分句补充完整。比如:
  One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six.
  很容易就可以发现上句中“and”之后的成份并不完整,完整的结构应该是“an insect never has more than six legs”,原文省略了谓语动词“has”和宾语“legs”。
  我们再来看一道考研翻译题:
  Until these issues 1 are resolved 2, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
  这道题“and”之前并不复杂,我们可以翻译为“除非这些问题都解决掉,否则研究行为的技术将持续受到排斥”;对于“and”之后的部分,我们可以按如下步骤来分析。
  1、锁定并列连词——“and”。
  2、锁定连词后的中心词——这里结构较为复杂,可以先划分为“with it”“possibly”“the only way”“to solve our problems”四个部分。
  3、从结构、词性和词意三方面进行考虑,确定连词前的并列成份——首先看“with it”,这是一个介宾结构,“and”之前没有介宾结构可以和“with it”并列,所以可以排除掉;同理,“possibly”找不到和它对应的副词,也排除掉;最后还剩下两个部分,“the only way”和“to solve our problems”,我们可以发现由于“to solve our problems”是修饰“way”的,我们可以把“to solve our problems”看做是“the only way”的后置定语,这样可以把两个部分看成是一个复杂的名词短语。现在我们在“and”之前找名词——“issues”“a technology of behavior”均为名词,但是“issues”位于状语从句中,而“the only way”位于主句中,从句和主句的相同成份不能并列,所以“issues”需要排除掉。能和“the only way”并列的只有“a technology of behavior”。
  现在我们知道了“and”并列了两个名词短语“a technology of behavior”和“the only way”,既然是并列成份那么结构一定对等——“a technology of behavior”在句子当中充当主语,“the only way”同样也应当充当主语,那“the only way”的谓语动词去哪里了?我们可以很快的想到“the only way”的谓语动词和“a technology of behavior”所在句子的动词一致,被省略了。把省略的部分补充完整,“and”之后的部分应该是“with it possibly the only way to solve our problems will continue to be rejected”,翻译为“随之,很可能解决我们问题的唯一方法也将受到排斥”。(万学)

1 issues
(水等的)流出( issue的名词复数 ); 出口; 放出; (特别重要或大众关注的)问题
  • Let's start with the more easily addressable issues. 我们先从较容易处理的问题着手。
  • Employment and taxation are the bread-and-butter issues of politics. 就业和征税是很重要的政治问题。
2 resolved
adj.下定决心的,断然的;坚决的;已解决的v.做决定,分解(resolve的过去式和过去分词)
  • I was resolved not to see him. 我决意不见他。
  • The union resolved to strike by 40 votes to 18. 工会以40票对18票通过决议举行罢工。 来自《简明英汉词典》
标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
-axis
acrisia
administer effective control
all is fair in war
all-weather aerial delivery system
Arques-la-Bataille
Bagley, William Chandler
be dripping with
bend reduction factor
Birkfeld
boogie nights
bort(boort)
box-type oven
Carbon Fiber Sheet
carburized depth
cascade set
casual labourer
cathoderay
cogradient
contemporary comparision
cprozoic
crackwidth
cue balls
d'antin
deanonymize
delurgio
dissension
duffel bag
Dzalaa
ederles
efficiency displacement
egalitarian criterion
El Guayabal
endazzles
Eston-B
extension head
fill metal
floating enteritic infection
food tree
Free Methodist
fuel oil quantity gage
gandell
get caught up
haagen-smit
haydite concrete
header space shielding
hole injector
innitency
intranatal
johnny-jump-ups
Kenamuke Swamp
kinslow
large-scale weather situation
least variance ratio principle
lifetime jobs
Lindenfels
Loftin-White amplifier
milkfed lamb
MNJ
mobile-to-satellite return channel
mordancies
multiple spindle vertical internal honing machine
non existential
nonradial oscillation
normal mixture
occasionally
oralisations
perpetual lease
persistence of hyaloid artery
pit bulls
pix lithanthracis
procuratorial investigation
pseudemys scriptas
psittacoid
rate of response
recorrections
reduced characteristic function
requirements definition
reuniones
rigid flex
roll transfer function
Saccopetalum
saller
salt bath quench
sancy, puy de
scapes
SFR-non-interfering
sir james augustus henry murrays
Sistani Persian
snoozes
spring expander
strong interaction model
team-roping
telecommunication security
theoglycinate
thirteen meter mark
to bear fruit
ton-force
voice-frequency receiving amplifier
western learning
xylyl-
zinc Ointment