TED演讲：宏观历史(8)
时间：2019-02-14 作者：英语课 分类：TED演讲教育篇
英语课
I call this ability collective learning. It's what makes us different. 我把这个叫做集体学习的能力。这使我们如此特殊。
We can see it at work in the earliest stages of human history. 我们可以看到在人类历史早期的阶段这种能力的运作。
We evolved as a species in the savanna 1 lands of Africa, but then you see humans migrating into new environments, 我们作为一种物种，在非洲的草原上进化，但是然后你看到人类迁徙到一个新的环境
into desert lands, into jungles, into the Ice Age tundra 2 of Siberia -- tough, tough environment -- into the Americas, into Australasia. 进入到沙漠，进入雨林，进入西伯利亚冻土带--艰苦，艰苦的环境中--进入美洲，澳洲。
Each migration 3 involved learning -- learning new ways of exploiting the environment, new ways of dealing 4 with their surroundings. 每次迁徙都涉及到学习--学习新的方法来利用环境，新的方法来适应环境。
Then 10,000 years ago, exploiting a sudden change in global climate with the end of the last ice age, humans learned to farm. 然后一万年前，全球环境突然发生变化在冰河世纪晚期，人类学会耕种。
Farming was an energy bonanza 5. And exploiting that energy, human populations multiplied. 农业是一个能量密集型产业。同时利用这个能量，人口增长。
Human societies got larger, denser 6, more interconnected. 人类社会变的更庞大，更密集，更加相互交流。
And then from about 500 years ago, humans began to link up globally through shipping 7, 然后大约500年之前，人类开始全球化的联系，通过轮船，
through trains, through telegraph, through the Internet, until now we seem to form a single global brain of almost seven billion individuals. 通过铁路，通过电报，通过网络，直到现在我们似乎已经形成一个单独的全球性大脑，它包含着近70亿个个体。
And that brain is learning at warp 8 speed. And in the last 200 years, something else has happened. 这个大脑以一种超速学习着。在过去200年，有一些事发生了。
We've stumbled on another energy bonanza in fossil fuels. 我们偶然发现另外一个能量源，石油。
So fossil fuels and collective learning together explain the staggering complexity 9 we see around us. 所以石油以及集体学习进化一起解释了我们周围的让人吃惊的复杂性。
n.大草原
- The savanna is also the home of meat-eaters--the lion,leopard,and hyena who feed on the grasseaters.大草原也是食肉动物的家乡--狮子、豹、鬣狗--它们都是以草食动物维持生命的。
- They sped upon velvet wheels across an exhilarant savanna.他们的马车轻捷地穿过一片令人赏心悦目的大草原。
n.苔原，冻土地带
- The arctic tundra is at the top of the world around the North Pole.北极冻原是指北极点周边的地区，是世界最高的地方。
- There is a large amount of methane gas under the Siberian tundra.西伯利亚的冻土地带之下有大量的甲烷气体。
n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙
- Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
- He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
n.经商方法，待人态度
- This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
- His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
n.富矿带，幸运，带来好运的事
- Bargain hunters enjoyed a real bonanza today.到处买便宜货的人今天真是交了好运。
- What a bonanza for the winning ticket holders!对于手持胜券的人来说，这是多好的运气啊。
adj. 不易看透的, 密集的, 浓厚的, 愚钝的
- The denser population necessitates closer consolidation both for internal and external action. 住得日益稠密的居民，对内和对外都不得不更紧密地团结起来。 来自英汉非文学 - 家庭、私有制和国家的起源
- As Tito entered the neighbourhood of San Martino, he found the throng rather denser. 蒂托走近圣马丁教堂附近一带时，发现人群相当密集。
n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）
- We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
- There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。
vt.弄歪，使翘曲，使不正常，歪曲，使有偏见
- The damp wood began to warp.这块潮湿的木材有些翘曲了。
- A steel girder may warp in a fire.钢梁遇火会变弯。
n.复杂(性)，复杂的事物
- Only now did he understand the full complexity of the problem.直到现在他才明白这一问题的全部复杂性。
- The complexity of the road map puzzled me.错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。
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