时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   元规则主要用于描述某项父结点中子结点成分数量的增减或特征的变化。元规则由“模式结构”和“目标结构”两部分组成。模式结构可表示为P0 → W, Pm其中,P0为父结点,W为范畴的任何变项,Pm为由P0直接支配的结点(m=0或1)。目标结构可表示为a0 → a1, …, ak其中,a0和P0属于同一个主范畴,而且,至多只能有一个ai是W的变项,至多只能有一个ai与Pm相对应。元规则的具体形式如下:


  图 元规则
  以上形式可以读作:如果P0 → W, Pm 是一条词汇直接支配规则,那么,a0 → a1, …, ak也是一条词汇直接支配规则。元规则的作用就是将所有符合模式结构的直接支配规则转变成由目标结构所表示的直接支配规则,从而扩大语法中直接支配规则的数量。例如,英语中表示“被动”的元规则如下:
  图 英语中表示被动的元规则
  其中,W为范畴变项,PAS为VP的特征,by为PP的特征,表示在被动式中,动词短语中的动词取被动式,介词短语中的介词取by。圆括号表示其中的部分可以省略,(PP[by])表示被动句中带by的介词短语PP可以省略。应用这个元规则于英语句子He broke 1 the window,可以得到被动句:The window was 2 broke (by him)。在这个被动句中,原来的动词broke变为was broken,(by him)是可以省略的。

v.(动词break的过去式)折断;打破
  • He dropped his glass on the floor and broke it.他把玻璃杯掉到地板上打碎了。
  • After a long silence, she broke into a laugh.她沉默了很久之后,忽然笑了起来。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
标签: 短语结构
学英语单词
2-amino-5-chloro-4-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid
abnomal attribute
absorptance for solar radiation
acceleration test
Actian
afede
air tube
alopecia presenilis
alphabetical subject index
arcking
Beaverville
bugger
butyroyl chloride
call sb down for
cardiomyoliposis
cascade speed control
chambermain
clonidin
compositings
concordancy
concrescence
craaled
cuspidaria elephantina
cyclopaldic acid
daylight visibility
Desulfurococcus
diatron
disclination loop
distribution of grain
drain source resistance
efflorescing
electric discharge time constant
epicarcinogen
Eurodisco
Faraday shutter
final pyrolysis temperature
flat iron wheel
full voltage starting motor
get your rocks off
ground guard
harem trousers
high-tensile round-link chain
Hitlerism
hydraulic roll-balance system
iasos
independent-samples
inland customs-house
International Telegraph Alphabet No.4
interphase reactor
inverse photoelectric spectroscopy
jugal bone
lame-stream
lamellar vector field
least-recently-used
line code principle
loaded on
mag-stripe
making process
mannlich
minetic
multiple shifting
Munyati R.
neutral zone
nightness
non-healings
obis
obsolete
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine
paguristes versus
photography measurement
pidonia pudica
pityriasis nostras
Port Kaiser
principle of start stop
promise land
Pujehun
qaing
R (ratio)
radiometric assay
rowells
Sasamorpha
scalpin
schmucks
scroll press
senile macular degeneration
serozymogenic glanp
service access point address
Shouchang Formation
side valency
similarity metaphor
sorbic acid potassium
speak for themselves
Stavroupoli
strata lucidum
supp
temperature threshold
the absolute
time view
top grassland
vernal equinox correction
Westminster Catechism
wooden folding chair